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In-Class Discussion Questions for Act I of William Shakespeare’s Othello

1.              What is Iago's immediate plan (Act I, Scene 1, lines 66-72)? How well does he carry it out? Whose father is Brabantio? What is Roderigo's previous relationship to Brabantio and his daughter (1.1.94-100)?

2.              How does Brabantio assume the Moor won his daughter (Act I, Scene 1, lines 167-172)?

3.              What do we learn about Iago's methods of operation from what he tells Othello (still not named) in Act I, Scene 2, lines 1-10? Who is the "him" of line 5? Be sure to compare what Iago says here with what we saw happen (and heard him say) in 1.1.

4.              Explain what happens between Iago and Cassio in the short time Othello is off stage in the Sagittary (Act I, Scene 2, lines 47 – 52)

5.              What is effective in Othello’s first speech of justification (Act I, Scene 3, lines 76 – 94)?

6.              How do we know Othello’s second speech of justification (Act I, Scene 3, lines 127 – 169) was effective?

7.              Why is Desdemona’s response to her father’s question at Act I, Scene 3, lines 176 – 178 especially effective?

8.              Explain Iago’s “parable of the garden” (Act I, Scene 3, lines 314 – 327).

9.              How does Iago manipulate Roderigo in the Act I, Scene 3, lines 329 – 370?

Reading Check Questions for Othello, Act I

1.              What is the setting of this play?  Where does it take place?

2.              Who is Iago?  Is Iago a friend to Othello? Explain.

3.              Identify by name the honorable Lieutenant who was promoted instead of Iago. According to Iago, why was this person a bad choice? 

4.              Who is Othello?  What is his ethnicity and position in society?  With whom is he secretly having romantic “relations”?

5.              Who is Roderigo?  What are Roderigo and Iago doing at Brabantio’s window?

6.              Who is Brabantio? Why is he dismayed on learning that his daughter has married, even though the groom is someone generally honored and admired?

7.              According to Brabantio, how has Othello seduced his daughter?

8.              An emergency meeting was called in the Council Chamber of Venice for one reason but Brabantio brought Othello there for another. Explain the two reasons.

9.              At the end of this scene, Iago gives a second reason for hating Othello (the first was because he was not promoted by Othello to Lieutenant).  What is the second reason?

10.           Many see “jealousy” as the chief theme in Othello.  In the course of Act I, Iago reveals at least three reasons for his jealousy.  Name two.

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Raquel Rugani
Mr. Lee Hobbs
Introduction to Literature Engl 104: Section F
26 November 2007

“Othello” Act 5- Question 1: Summarize the events that lead to Iago’s unmasking.

Emilia tells Othello Cassio killed Roderigo. Othello finds out Cassio is not dead after he killed Desdemona. Othello admits to Emilia that he killed Desdemona because she “cheated” on him. Othello still believes she was guilty and Iago was telling the truth because of the handkerchief. Emilia interrupts and Iago tries stabbing her and succeeds. Othello stabs Iago and Iago refused to say anything. Lodovico found a letter in Roderigo’s pocket and it reveals all that has happened, the master plans of Iago. Othello then asks Cassio where he found the handkerchief. Cassio states that he found it in his chamber. Othello was going to be stripped of his power but stabs himself and falls on the bed where Desdemona is dead. Montano is in charge of Iago’s execution because of what he caused.

R. Hauser
English 104H Introduction to Literature

In your interpretation of the play, exactly what impels Othello to kill Desdemona? Jealousy? Desire for revenge? Excess idealism? A wish to be a public avenger who punishes "else she'll betray more men"?

In my interpretation of the play, I believe that a combination of disgust and jealousy impels Othello to kill Desdemona. It is evident that Othello is disgusted by actions he thinks Desdemona took when he says "she turned to folly, and she was a whore" (Kennedy 1031). Othello also claims "O, she was foul!" (Kennedy 1032)The meanings of both quotes are also enhanced through Othello's tone.

Along with disgust, Othello also shows signs of jealousy by saying "Tis pitiful. But yet Iago knows that she with Cassio hath the act of shame a thousand times committed. Cassio confessed it; And she did gratify his amorous works with that recognizance and pledge of love which I first gave her. I saw it in his hand; It was a handkerchief, an antique token my father gave my mother" (Kennedy 1033). This quote proves that Othello was disgusted Desdemona could easily give away such a valuable treasure and that he was jealous she gave it to his right hand man, Cassio.

Kennedy, X.J., and Dana Gioia, eds. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and
Writing. 5th Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2007.

C Lazar
Intro to Literature 104H
Quiz Make-up
In this act, what circumstantial evidence is added to Othello’s case against Desdemona?
He hears Iago talk to Cassio about Bianca, which Othello thinks Cassio is talking about Desdemona (1007).

C Lazar
Intro to Literature 104H
Whom besides Othello does Iago deceive? What is Desdemona’s opinion about him? Emilia? Cassio (before Iago is found out)? To what would you attribute Iago’s success as a deceiver?
Iago deceives absolutely everyone in the play. Desdemona does not like Iago because of his slanderous ways towards women (963). Emilia knows that Iago does not love her anymore. Cassio believes that Iago is just trying to help him. Iago’s attributes to his deceiving success is being able to fake his love and friendship for Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, Roderigo, and more importantly Emilia his own wife.

Greg Anne
Professor Hobbs
English 104F
26 November 2007

In III, iv, 49-98, Emilia knows of Desdemona’s distress over the lost handkerchief. At this moment, how do you explain her failure to relieve Desdemona’s mind? Is Emilia aware of her husband’s villainy?

In Act III when Desdemonia explains to Emilia the great lose of her husband’s handkerchief Emilia does little to ease Desdemonia’s mind. The severity of her lose is explained to Emilia when Desdemonia states, “I would rather lose my purse” (997). With this knowledge Emilia goes on to prod Desdemonia’s worries by bringing up the possibility of Othello being jealous. This of course gains to the distress that Desdemonia was experiencing. When Othello enters and finds out what has happened Emilia does nothing to defend Desdemonia or help her in any way (997-999). After the fight, Iago and Emilia” team up” on Desdemonia. They explain to Desdemonia how jealous Othello seemed and how things didn’t look good (999-1001). This as well as her actions with Desdemonia alone makes me believe that Emilia not only knows of her husband’s villainy but is also in on it. She seems to be saying what is needed to make the plan work. Instead of being comforting and helpful Emilia further discomforts Desdemonia by putting ideas such as jealousy and anger in her mind. This further upsets Desdemonia knowing that her love could be possibly having these feelings.

J Betz
Intro to Lit. 104 H

How do you account for Barbantio’s dismay on learning of his daughter’s marriage, despite the fact that Desdemona has married a man so generally loved and admired?

Desdemona’s Father, Barbantio, is dismayed because Desdemona did not tell him about her getting married to Othello. Although Othello is so generally loved and admired he is still a black man in a time where interracial marriages were almost unheard of. This being true, Barbantio feels that Othello must have tricked Desdemona into marrying him using witchcraft and charm.

A. Lacey
Mr. Hobbs
ENGL 104.F Introduction to Literature
26 November 2007

Act III 1. Trace the steps by which Iago rouses Othello to suspicion. Is there anything n Othello’s character or circumstances that renders him particularly susceptible to Iago’s wiles?

The first step in the path to make Othello suspicious of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness is when Desdemona asks for Cassio to be given back his position (983). Iago says of Desdemona and Cassio spending time together; therefore, she must be cheating on Othello. Iago also mentions that Cassio was the go between for Othello and Desdemona before the marriage, implying that Cassio and Desdemona were together intimately before Othello and Desdemona were married. Iago continuously says he loves Othello so Othello fells he would not betray him (985). The final step is when Desdemona does not have the handkerchief from Othello’s mother and it ends up in Cassio’s possession.

Othello has some flaws that made him susceptible to Iago’s wiles. The first one is being in a powerful position. This makes him feel that no one would lie to him. This makes Othello to have the flaw of being very trusting of people who are close to him. This trait allows Othello to believe that Iago is telling the absolute truth. Since Othello has these flaws he easily believes everything that Iago tells him about Cassio and Desdemona.

J. Cowan
Mr. Lee Hobbs
ENGL104 Section F

For what major events does the merrymaking (scene II) give opportunity?

Although Scene II is merely a short proclamation by the Herald of Cyprus, much can be learned based on the few lines revealed. The Herald is proclaiming a feast to the people of Cyprus, based on the deeds Othello and his men have done to the Turkish fleet.

The most important news the Herald brings back to the people of Cyprus is that Othello and his crew served their enemy Turkish fleet with shear destruction. The people are called to celebration in every way imaginable because of the military triumph with bonfires, dancing, and feasting. In addition to the news of the defeat, the Herald is also proclaiming the news of the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. It is because of these two events that the people of Cyprus are celebrating the tremendous news.

Brittany A.
ENGL 104.F

What do the Cypriots think of Othello? Do their words (scene 1) make him seem to us a lesser man or a larger one?

The Cypriots look to Othello as a “worthy governor” (line 32) and look at him with tremendous respect. They make his seem like a larger man rather than a smaller one because they constantly boast about him, talking about how wonderful he is. When they get word from Cassio that the Turkish fleet had been defeated and depleted, they began to say how courageous he was and how gracious they were to him for ending the war (lines 21-24). While waiting for Othello’s ship to arrive, the Cypriots began to pray towards heaven asking that Othello be kept safe and that he has not been lost at sea. During this period of prayer and thereafter, they continue to praise Othello’s bravery until his ship finally arrives. Othello is welcomed with opened arms and he greets all those who were waiting for him.

Jessica B.
English 104H
Thesis and Chief Arguments of Burgress’ “An Asian Culture Looks at Shakespeare”

The thesis of Burgress’ “An Asian Look at Shakespeare” is, “Translation is not a matter of words only; it is a matter of making intelligible a whole culture”. One chief argument Burgress gives deals with the film Richard III being played in a Borneo Kampong. The tribe approved the costumes because they were similar to theirs. They also accepted the story because it was typical to their own history, and therefore also accepted Shakespeare as a great poet. Another chief argument involves the tragic novel The Heart of the Matter. The novel was read to Muslim children who found it comical because in their culture a man can have more than one wife.

Greg Anne
Professor Hobbs
English 104F
26 November 2007

What does the audience learn of Brabantio in this scene (Act V scene1) and why does Gratiano seem to be “relieved” about it?
In Act V of the play the audience learns of the death of Brabantio in the lines by Gratiano, “Poor desdemon! I am glad thy father’s dead” (1032). He then seems to be relieved to the fact that her father has died before he learned of his daughter’s death. The grief of such knowledge, “would make him do a desperate turn” according to Gratiano (1033). Such news to any father would tear him apart inside. It is better that Brabantio had not found out of such an occurrence.

Chris
English 104.H Intorduction To Literature
26 November 2007

How does Othello's mistaken belief that Cassio is slain affect the outcome of the play?

After the ambush, Iago ends up killing Cassio and Roderigo. Othello hears Cassio's cry and comes to see what is going on. He witnesses Iago killing Cassio. This changes the outcome of the play because Othello is now influenced to kill Desdemona. He says to Iago "Thou teachest me" (Page - 1002, scene 1, verse 34).

The play could of had many different endings. Othello could of solved all his problems somehow, he could of forgot about what was going on, or he could of married someone else. However, because of the event that happened, Othello's mind was in a different state of thought, which just wanted revenge. This is why the story has the endingit has.

Sara A.
ENGL 104.H Introduction to Literature

"Indicate a passage that you consider memorable for its poetry. Does the passage seem introduced for its own sake? Does it in any way advance the action of the play, express theme or demonstrate character?"

The scene where Othello comes to Desdemona’s bedside to kill her is a memorable one. The way Othello murders his wife demonstrates his character in many ways. First, he believes information given to him by Iago, which shows that Othello is very trusting of others. Othello doesn’t just walk in and kill her either. He speaks with her and before he kills her he says in Act V Scene II, line 49, “Peace, and be still!” He is almost “kind” about the murder.

Othello is also selfish though. His motives for killing Desdemona were for revenge of being humiliated and also because cheating was unforgivable in that time period. Not only is this passage a demonstration of Othello’s character but it also advances the actions in the play such as the truth coming out and the aggression other characters feel for each other. This scene wasn’t introduced for its own sake but plays an important part in the play.

Alyssa
ENGL104F

What prevents Othello from being moved by Desdemona's appeal?

At the beginning of Act IV scene 1, after Othello falls into a trance and wakes again Iago tells him Cassio visited, but he sent him away and told him to come back another time. When Cassio does return Iago questions him of Bianca, while Othello is behind a door listening to the whole conversation. Iago told him to prove that Cassio and Desdemona were together he would get Cassio to confess this. Othello believed what Cassio is saying deals with Desdemona because Iago told him he would get him to confess is love for Desdemona. Othello has also seen the handkerchief that he gave Desdemona.

Therefore Othello is not moved by Desdemona's appeal because of what he has heard from the talk between Cassio and Iago.

Lindsay Malloy
ENGL 104.F - Intro to Lit

What do you understand by Othello's calling himself "one that loved not wisely but too well"?

When Othello claimed to have not loved wisely but too well, he is speaking of Desdemona's supposed cheating on him. Because he believes Iago and Roderigo's false accusations of Desdemona and Cassio's relations, he considers himself unwise, though he loved her alot which led him to believe that he loved her well.

Jess Hammaker
English 104.f Writing about Literature

In II, iii, 221, Othello speaks of Iago's "honesty and love". How do you account for Othello being so totally decieved?

Othello believes that Iago is honest, loving, and caring about Othello's feelings. Othello believes that Iago is being a true friend and making sure Desdemona is not going to hurt Othello. In reality, Iago is out to get Othello because he gave Cassio the job that he wanted and believes that Othello had an affair with his wife, Emilia.

J Conrad
Professor Hobbs
ENGL 104.F Introduction to Literature
26 November 2007

What reasons does Iago give for his hatred of Othello?

In Shakespeare’s “Othello” Iago has a deep hatred for Othello. Iago is one of Othello’s men that Othello believes is loyal. Iago’s proves from his thoughts and asides to be very disloyal. The strong hatred that Iago feels for Othello comes from Iago’s irritation of Othello’s relationship with Desdemona, the power that Othello has as a military figure, and Iago’s belief that Othello has slept with his wife.

The uneasiness that Iago feels about Othello and Desdemona’s relationship is seen at the beginning of the play. Iago and Roderigo spot Othello with Desdemona and go and tell Desdemona’s father Barbantio. The fact that is a black Moor with power fuels Iago’s hatred even more. Iago tells yet another reason why he hates Othello in an aside at the end of act one. Iago says, “He’s done my office” which tells that Iago believes that Othello has slept with his wife.

L. George
English 104.H
Thesis and Chief Arguments of Ben Jonson’s “On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare”

I chose Ben Jonson’s “On His Friend and Rival William Shakespeare”. After reading this short excerpt, I concluded the thesis was as follows: “There was ever more in him to be raised than to be pardoned” (1045). I feel this is the thesis, because throughout the paragraph Jonson emphasizes the good qualities and mentions few negative qualities in Shakespeare, simply to what this sentence is stating. Jonson’s view of Shakespeare included him to be “honest, and of an open and free nature, had an excellent phantasy, brave notions, and gentle expression” (1045). There were few things Shakespeare was known for that may have been looked down upon. One such example Jonson uses is in Shakespeare’s writing, he “never blotted out a line” (1045). This was Shakespeare’s biggest fall. The reader could conclude the chief argument Jonson chose to write about was simply what type of person Shakespeare was; although, some thought of Shakespeare as a negative influence, Jonson also saw the good in him. Nonetheless, Jonson wants the readers to know Shakespeare was an overall excellent man.

Adam Tercek

Mr. Lee Hobbs

ENGL104F Introduction to Literature
26 November 2007

In this act, what circumstantial evidence is added to Othello’s case against Desdemona?

A handkerchief, to most, an item one uses to blow their nose into. Although, to Othello and his wife Desdemona, it is an important token of their love to each other. To both of them it held an extraordinary amount of sentimental value. When Cassio was found with the very handkerchief that Othello gave Desdemona, he assumed that his wife was surely having an affair.

This assumption, Othello believed, was enough evidence to accuse his beloved Desdemona of cheating on him, and at the same time was reason enough to have Cassio killed. Othello was in such rage that he thought Cassio should hang before he can even confess.

B Sanders
27 November 2007
English 104

What is Othello’s position in society? How is he regarded by these who know him? By his words, when we first meet him in Scene ii, what traits of character does he manifest?

Othello is a Moor of Venice. Thus he is a black man but he says that he is of royal rank. As a result it is to be believed that he is somewhat important to the society itself. And he was somewhat of a famous and renowned captain and general. To others that knew who Othello was didn’t really like him as a person but they liked him for the things that he had done for the country and the people; except for Desdemona who loved him dearly and with all of her heart. Also some of the people were jealous of Othello because of the fact that he was a moor and that he had the love of Desdemona. Othello manifested the character traits such as courage, dignity, and insecurity. Also Othello was gullible to all effects and a pushover for bad advice.

M.Bobb
ENGL 104 Intro to Literature

In your view, does Othello's long speech in V, ii, 348-366 succeed in restoring his original dignity and nobility? Do you agree with Cassio (V, ii, 372) that Othello was "great of heart"?

I believe Othello's speech does bring a slight sense of dignity and nobility back into his character. Othello realizes what he has done and how he was tricked, but at the same time he is aware that Desdemona's death his own doing. He also tells the people looking on that they should speak of him as he is, and not to over glamorize the situation.

I agree with what Cassio states because Othello was a good person at heart who had a temporary lapse in judgment. Also for someone to say this after everything that was done to him shows that he truly meant what he was saying.

Jenna
Section F
Question 4. When Roderigo grows impatient with Iago, how does Iago make use of his fellow plotter's discontent?

Roderigo is frustrated. Roderiogo wants Desdemona to return all of the jewels that Iago was to give to her. Iago tells him that Cassio is being assigned to go to Otello's place. Iago lies and says Othello is being sent to Africa but really he is being sent back to Venice. Iago tells Roderigo he is just the man to get rid of Cassio.

C. Shoub
English 104. Section F
What does the conversation between Emilia and Desdemona tell us about the nature of each?

The conversation emphasizes Desdemona’s virtue and loyalty. She states that she would never be unfaithful even if it was to save the world (1020). Her innocence is highlighted against Othello’s unfair accusations. Emilia’s practicality comes forth when she makes the point that the world “is a great price for a small vice” (1020). Desdemona’s naivety is displayed when she does not think there is such a women, which would betray a husband. Emilia’s response shows that she understands that women’s needs and wants get overlooked by society. She voices, “And have not we affections, desires for sport, and frailty, as men have?” (1021). Emilia seems to recognize that the realities for being human are similar for men and women.

Works cited
Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Gioia.Literature:an
Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama,
and Writing. 5th Compact Ed. New York:
Pearson-Longman, 2007.
Shakespeare. Othello, the Moor of Venice.
Kennedy 938-1038.

K.Olijnk

ENGL 104(H) Introduction to Literature

What motivates Iago to carry out his schemes? Do you find him a devil incarnate, a madman, or a rational human being?

I believe that Iago’s motives come from his desire to be more than Othello’s ancient. He wants to be a lieutenant, and he is extremely jealous and angry when the title is given to a younger and less experience man. Iago is more than a madman because if he were that he could have just secretively killed Cassio. He is most definitely not a rational human being, for all of his actions show that. What makes Iago a devils incarnate is the fact that he continues to do selfish, appalling, and deceitful acts, and yet never feels any guilt over any of them; not even after Rodergio, Desdemona, and his wife are all dead, and other are injured. He was willing to sacrifice anyone to eventually get what he wanted. In a way, at some points, it seems like all of his plans and schemes are more of a game to him, that he cannot stop playing. Another part of the jealousy is towards not only Cassio, but also Othello. He believes that Othello has slept with his wife, and Iago’s hatred for Othello grows from this belief.

Andrea Prescott
Eng 104H Introduction to Literature
Professor Hobbs
26 November 2007
"Thesis and Chief Arguments of Clare Asquth's Shakespeare's Language as a Hidden Political Code"
The thesis statement is Shakespeare's was the one sixteenth-century writer who, it appears never fell foul of the authorities. There are many arguments over his writings due to many hidden meanings throughout his work. The hidden meanings often related to what was going on politically and religiously in that time period.
In religion "low"and "dark" is often used to posses Protestantism as "high" and "fair" represent Catholicism the opposition of the two was referring to the reformation, he remains neutral, fair and tall can be corrupt,as dark and low can be noble.
This helps spectators and readers see the shadowed plot. Shakespeare needed a new method of writing to express a country's political and spiritual downfall without being punished for doing so.

L. Cicerchi

Mr. Lee Hobbs

Engl 104H Intro to Literature

28 November 2007

Thesis and Chief Arguments of W.H. Auden's "Iago as a Triumphant Villain"

The thesis in this short excerpt is the first sentence: “Any consideration of the Tragedy of Othello must be primarily occupied, not with its official hero but with its villain”. This is the thesis statement since it is the only sentence that tells us what the whole thing is going to be about. In this section, a main argument is how this could be a tragedy when the fall of Othello wasn’t from glory to misery and his death was not his fault or the gods. Another argument is that this is a very particular play, because Iago, the villain, never fails at what he wants done. He always gets what he wants throughout the story.

D. Dzurko
English 104 H

Thesis and Chief Arguments of Vaughan's "Black and White in Othello"

The thesis Ms. Vaughan's summary is "Throughout the play, Shakespeare exploits a discourse of racial difference that by 1604 had become ingrained in the English psyche." Her main arguments are generally that Othello is to have a deep effect on the audience both physically and emotionally. Throughout the play, it is shown that Othello is different, one of the "others." Visually, Othello obviously looks different from every other character as he is the only one of African descent.

A. Collier
English 104.H

5. What do you understand by Othello's calling himself "one that loved not wisely but too well?"

Othello loved Desdemona so much he could be driven to jealousy very easily. Othello said, "one that loved not wisely but too well." When he says this he is saying that he has not been trusting of Desdemona and therefore has not been very wise when making decisions. When he says, "but too well", he means he loved her so much even a hint of cheating on him would throw him over the edge of reason. He was not wise in his decision making when he kills Desdemona for the belief that she is cheating on him, which explains why he says, "one that loved not wisely." His love for her was so strong that after stabbing himself, he kissed her before he died as the reader sees on line 370. This shows that he regrets his decision making, so he must take his own life or suffer the consequences.

B. Kirk
English 104.H-Introduction to Literature
Question: Othello Act V
1) Summarize the events that lead to Iago’s unmasking.

The events that lead to Iago’s unmasking are in a sense all the lies he told. Throughout the entire play Iago wanted revenge. Iago created problems between Othello and Desdemona, and between Roderigo and Cassio. All the while he made himself look honest and just. He also made himself seem like everyone’s ally. After setting this all up, he is able to unmask himself and his plans, he has won his revenge no matter what happens. And ultimately he doesn’t care if he dies or is punished, because he has achieved his goal.

B. Kirk
English 104.H-Introduction to Literature
Question: Othello Act V
1) Summarize the events that lead to Iago’s unmasking.

The events that lead to Iago’s unmasking are in a sense all the lies he told. Throughout the entire play Iago wanted revenge. Iago created problems between Othello and Desdemona, and between Roderigo and Cassio. All the while he made himself look honest and just. He also made himself seem like everyone’s ally. After setting this all up, he is able to unmask himself and his plans, he has won his revenge no matter what happens. And ultimately he doesn’t care if he dies or is punished, because he has achieved his goal.

Alycia Gorlaski

English 104.F Introduction to Literature

What cruelty does Iago display toward Emilia? How well founded is his distrust of his wife’s fidelity?

In Act II Scene 1 Iago accuses his wife Emilia of many cruel things which play into his great distrust of her fidelity. He says in line 109 that when he wants to sleep “she puts her tongue little in her heart” and in her thoughts only. She is silent and behaved in public, but in the parlor noisy and brazen. She is wildcat in her domestic affairs and a deceiver in housekeeping. These indications show that she is reserved and well behaved around Iago, but when he is not around Emilia is wild and unfaithful. Her infidelity vividly shows through when Iago accuses Emilia of being a “huswife in bed” (busy in bed) as well as offending the devil in line 113.

C. Schirra
Engl104 F

How plausible do you find Bianca’s flinging the handkerchief at Cassio just when Othello is looking on? How important is the handkerchief in this play? What does it represent? What suggestions or hints do you find in it?

Bianca throwing the handkerchief is believable by anyone who was watching because she was angry and what she said was truthful. It was placed where she would find it and the time was perfect for Iago’s plan of making Othello angry. This handkerchief is extremely important because Othello’s parents used the handkerchief as a symbol of their loyalty in their marriage. As long as his mother kept the handkerchief, it meant she was loyal to his father.

The handkerchief is a symbol of their care. Othello finds the handkerchief to be a very important part of their relationship. When it is misplaced, he beings to believe she does not care as much because she does not care for the items he gives to her. This is the first part of the plotting which lead to the end of Othello and Desdemonda. The handkerchief is a part of foreshadowing of events to come.

Dana Buckley
Mr. Hobbs
English 104.H Introduction to Literature
27 November 2007
Response to General Question Number Eight

Question: Does the downfall of Othello proceed from any flaw in his nature, or his downfall entirely the work of Iago?

Answer: One of Othello’s flaws in his nature is that he doesn’t second guess what people tell him and takes it as truth without supporting evidence. A fine example of Othello’s flaw was the mind games by Iago throughout the play. Othello believes Iago’s mind games so much he loses complete trust of his wife and ends up killing her at the end of the play. Due to Othello’s behavior he is kicked out of being King of Venice having Cassio replace him. If Othello were to use his own reasonings and would have thought for himself, he would have still remained King and wouldn’t have killed his dearly devoted wife who loved him with all her heart.

Thesis and Chief Arguments of Bodkin's Lucifer in Shakespeare's Othello.

The main argument in Bodkin's Lucifer in Shakespeare's Othello is that the figure of the hero is concentrated on destruction of it's destined prey. The fact that a few figures in "Othello" are evil is what makes Bodkin's thesis. With all the hatred and violence and degradation, it is easy to see that the devil may be in these peoples souls.

One of the main arguments is that the devil is not a real being, but rather a "psychological archetype" that we come up with in our minds. If that is true, it is easy to see why people may see so many things the devil is doing in this play. These acts include Othello's murder of Desdemona, Iago's wounding of Cassio and stabbing of Rederigo, and ultimately withe Othello killing himself. These acts would not be committed by normal people, which is what Bodkin is trying to say. That is why Maud Bodkin believes there is "Lucifer in Shakespeare's Othello."

In this act, what scenes (or speeches) contain memorable dramatic irony?

In Act IV there were a number of scenes that contained dramatic irony, but the most memorable was early on the the act when Iago and Othello are speaking (1003-1004). At this point the two are discussing the fact that there should be no crime for a women to be in bed naked with another male, but only if nothing happens. Iago then speaks of if he was to give his wife a handkerchief it would be up to her what to do with it. Then suddenly he goes on to speak of how Cassio told him that he slept with Desdemona. This displays dramatic irony because we (the audience) know what Iago plans are, but neither do Othello nor Cassio

JM
Eng104
In your interpretation of the play, exactly what impels Othello to kill Desdemona? Jealousy? Desire for revenge? Excess idealism? A wish to be a public avenge who punishes, “else she’ll betray more men”

I think the reason he killed Desdemona was a personal thing. I believe he did it out of anger and revenge. He loved her so much and when he heard the stories from Iago he was deeply hurt and extremely irate. I think he said that he had to kill her so she wouldn’t go betray other men just as a cover up and although it might have been one of the reasons, it was not what drove him to murder. Othello kisses Desdemona twice as she dies and then once more when he finds out the truth and kills himself because he loved her and realized he could not live with himself.

Amanda O’Brien
Mr. Lee Hobbs
ENGL104H: Introduction to Literature
(M-W-F 3:10 P.M.)
28 November 2007

General Question No. 7
Does the play contain any tragic recognition—as discussed on pages 884-85, a moment of terrible enlightenment, a “realization of the unthinkable”?

This play does contain much tragic recognition. Right after Desdemona and Othello announced their marriage, Iago planned to convince Othello of her adultery. Even though it wasn’t true, it is still considered recognition because Othello was convinced, surprised, and devastated.

Another recognition is when he found out that all the accusations he made against Desdemona were false, but it was too late, he had already killed her. He discovers what he had done was a mistake. One last recognition is when Emilia finally sees the true identity of her husband Iago—a lying, in-direct murder. When she tries to preach that Iago is a liar, he kills her.

Amanda O’Brien
Mr. Lee Hobbs
ENGL104H: Introduction to Literature
(M-W-F 3:10 P.M.)
28 November 2007

General Question No. 7
Does the play contain any tragic recognition—as discussed on pages 884-85, a moment of terrible enlightenment, a “realization of the unthinkable”?

This play does contain much tragic recognition. Right after Desdemona and Othello announced their marriage, Iago planned to convince Othello of her adultery. Even though it wasn’t true, it is still considered recognition because Othello was convinced, surprised, and devastated.

Another recognition is when he found out that all the accusations he made against Desdemona were false, but it was too late, he had already killed her. He discovers what he had done was a mistake. One last recognition is when Emilia finally sees the true identity of her husband Iago—a lying, in-direct murder. When she tries to preach that Iago is a liar, he kills her.

K. Weidlich

ENGL104H. Introduction to Literature

MWF 3:00PM

What is Iago's motive in stabbing Roderigo?

In Act V, Scene I, a triangle is formed between Iago, Roderigo, and Cassio. The sequence of events first occurs when Iago decides to stab Roderigo. However, Iago had a motive to this. When he stabbed Roderigo, he did not kill him. He thought that if he was only wounded, Roderigo and Cassio would end up battling each other once Cassio enered the picture. This would give Iago the chance to swindle gold and jewels from Roderigo and gve them to Desdemona as gifts. Afterwards, he played it off as if he had nothing to do with the encounter.

Works Cited

Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Giola, eds. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and
Writing. Ed X.J. Kennedy and Dana Giola. 5th Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2007.

Shakespeare, William. "Othello, The Moor of Venice". Kennedy 938.

What does the audience learn of Barbantio in this scene and why does Graziano seem to be relieved about it?

We learn that Barbantio is dead. I believe that Gratiano shows a sign of relief because Barbantio wasn't alive to see his daughter come to a terrible end. Gratiano knew that this would turn Barbantio upside down if he was alive to see such

"Poor Desdemon! I am glad thy father's dead. Thy match was mortal to him, and pure grief. Did he live now, this sight would make him do a desperate turn" --Gratiano

K. Bradley
Mr. Hobbs
ENGL 104.F Introduction to Literature
28 November 2007

Act I Question 7: By what strategy does Iago enlist Roderigo in his plot against the Moor? In what lines do we learn Iago’s true feelings toward Roderigo?

Iago gets Roderigo involved in his plan by using deceitful tactics. He knows of Roderigo’s love for Desdemona and convinces him that if they rid her of Othello, then she will be his. Later in Act I, we learn of Iago’s true reasoning for involving Roderigo. He calls him a fool and says he would not be wasting his time if he knew he would not be getting anything out of him. He tells the reader of his real plan at the very end of Act I, beginning on line 362. He states that he is not really helping Roderigo get Desdemona, but he is using Roderigo to get to her and Othello.

C. Carley
ENGL 104F Intro to Literature
"What is Iago's motive in stabbing Roderigo?"

Iago was the villain in “Othello, the Moor of Veinice.” This is one of many motives behind his stabbing of Roderigo. Iago was always out to protect himself and his interests. As a result, to ensure that no one found out about what he was doing he manipulated those around him. Rodergio was the only one who knew anything about Iago’s hatred of Othello, as Iago had told him, “I follow him to serve my turn upon him” in line 44 on page 940 (Kennedy). All the other characters in the play were under the mistaken illusion that Iago was a faithful follower of Othello.

Iago was also afraid that Roderigo would discover that Desdemona was not receiving the gifts he had offered to her. If Roderigo had discovered the truth that Iago was pocketing the gifts for his beloved he would certainly turn him in to Othello, and all of Iago’s dirty deeds would be undone. Iago also knew that he could not depend on Rodergio to remain a part of his evil plan. On page 979 he had to convince Rodergio to stay and pursue Desdemona after Roderigo said, “I do not follow here in chase… my money is almost spent…with no money at all, and little more wit, return again to Venice” in lines 316-320 (Kennedy).

In stabbing Roderigo it seemed that all of Iago’s problems would be solved. He could blame Roderigo for attempting to take Cassio’s life, and rid himself of the only person who knew of his plan to take down Othello. Unfortunately for Iago, Emilia had placed the pieces of the story together, and would bring his actions to light.

J. Carter
English 104 (F) Writing About Literature

How does Othello’s mistaken belief that Cassio is slain (V,i,27-34) affect the outcome of the play?

When Othello hears Cassio scream, “I am maimed forever. Help ho! Murder! Murder!”, Othello believed that Iago had taken revenge and murdered Cassio (V,i,27). From this point on, Othello felt enraged and felt that he should take revenge too. He then trusted that Iago was a great and noble friend and that in order to carry out this revenge he would have to kill Desdemona. Iago set himself up to be such a true and loyal friend throughout the whole play. When Othello found out that Iago even killed his enemy for him his trust is undeniably strong.

This affects the final outcome of the play in that Othello listened to nobody. When Desdemona tries to tell Othello that she did nothing wrong, he didn’t even think twice about the fact that she is lying to him. Othello does kill his loving wife and eventually himself because of the great betrayal and mistrust he felt towards the people and the situations that surrounded him. Othello was mislead his misinterpretation of Cassio’s death was the final straw in Othello’s ultimate fate.

Brooke Z.
English 104.H- Introduction to Literature

Thesis and Chief Arguments of Kennedy's "Breaking the Language Barrier."

Shakespearean literature usually seems very complex and difficult for most people the first time they look at a piece of work. This is mostly because the English language that Shakespeare used now differs somewhat from the English that is used today. This excerpt explains how even though Shakespeare’s work can seem very complex and difficult; it really is not difficult if we would put the time and effort into learning it.

The excerpt also states ways that can make this task easier. This includes reading the complete work more than once, listening to a recording, and watching a theatrical performance either in person or recorded. By watching or listening to the work it usually makes it easier to grasp. One must also “immerse themselves” in the text; this will make it easier to thoroughly understand. After each time of reading a Shakespearean work, it is almost certain that one will understand more and more because this type of language is more familiar to the reader.

K. Weidlich

ENGL104H. Introduction to Literature

MWF 3:00PM

Act IV, Question 6: In this act, what scenes (or speeches) contain memorable dramatic irony?

Act IV contains a few scenes which contain dramatic irony. The first is within scene I. Iago and Othello are carrying on conversation between each other. When Iago speaks of relations with a woman and "lying on her", this causes Othello to faint. They claim Othello fell into an epilepsy. Another part of scene I would be when Othello speaks with Cassio. Supposidly, Desdemona had an affair with him. Another dramatic irony scene would be in scene II. Othello approaches Desdemona on the fact of her being a whore and having affairs. But it turned out she was clueless as to what he was speaking of.

Work Cited

Kennedy, X.J. and Dana Giola, eds. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and
Writing. Ed X.J. Kennedy and Dana Giola. 5th Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2007.

Shakespeare, William. "Othello,the Moor of Venice". Kennedy 938.

4. In the introduction to his edition of the play In the Complete Signet Classis Shakespeare, Alvin Kernan remarks: “Othello is probably the most neatly, more formally constructed of Shakespeare’s plays. Every character is, for example, balanced by another similar or contrasting character. Desdemona is balanced by her opposite, Iago; love and concern for others at one end of the scale, hatred and concern for self at the other.” Besides Desdemona and Iago, what other pairs of characters strike balances?
Cassio, like Desdemona, is balanced by Iago in Shakespeare’s Othello. Cassio, regardless of his relations with Bianca, is a noble military man. He is a more experienced lieutenant than Iago, which is why he is promoted by Othello in the first place. He is also significantly more trustworthy than Iago, who is continually deceitful towards Othello. Iago tells lies to the Moor on numerous occasions because he is jealous of Cassio’s position. It is ironic that even though Cassio is the more honorable of the two, Othello feels compelled to listen to Iago.
Desdemona strikes a contrasting balance with Bianca in addition to her balance with Iago. Desdemona remains faithful to Othello throughout the entire drama (even though he does not think so). Bianca, however, has sexual morals opposite to those of Desdemona. She seeks sexual relations with Cassio even though she is not married to him. For the time period in which Shakespeare’s play was written, Bianca’s actions would have been greatly frowned upon. It seems unfair that Desdemona always acted morally but is condemned in the end nonetheless.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this assignment has now passed. Comments are no longer being accepted for this exercise/assignment.

W. Fulton
Mr. Lee Hobbs
Intro to Lit Engl.104
26 November 2007

#3: How essential to the play is the fact that Othello is a black man, a moor, and not a native of Venice?

The fact that Othello is not a native of Venice and a black man is essential to the play. From the very first act the fact that Othello is a black man is a major source of conflict. In act one, scene two, Desdemona's father is infuriated at the idea of his daughter marrying a black man. He even goes as far as to say on page 947 that Othello perhaps used "black" magic in order to make her love him. One of the underlying tones of the play is that of racial intolerance and without Othello being a black man, the message would not come across as strongly.

2. Who is Iago? Is Iago a friend to Othello? Explain.

Iago is an ensign of Othello. He is an enemy to him because Othello promoted Cassio to lieutenant over Iago. Iago believed that he should have been promoted since he has more war experience than Cassio. Iago starts to plot his revenge against Othello by telling Othello's wife's father, that Othello and her are together which is in defiance to the custom of predetermined marriage that was held at the time.

Alex Slavin

October 27-08

English 225

Dr. Hobbs

English-Blog

4. Explain what happens between Iago and Cassio in the short time Othello is off stage in the Sagittary.

-Othello exits the scene and Iago makes a comment to Cassio about faith but Cassio does not understand. Iago blatantly tells Cassio that Othello is married. Cassio is confused and upset that he had to hear such news form Iago when he holds a lower ranking. Iago made such a comment in the first place because he wanted to appear more knowledgeable and at the same time, initiate a conflict between Cassio and Othello. Othello enters back into the scene before Iago can tell Cassio who Othello is married to. Iago gives Cassio the mindset of how much trust Othello has for Cassio when he did not know that Othello was married and Iago did.

Quinten Jones
ENG 225 CA01
October 28, 2008

6. How do we know Othello’s second speech of justification (Act I, Scene 3, lines 127 – 169) was effective?

It talks about Othello "woo"ing Desdemona and then goes on to say in lines 157-158 on page 2930 that Othello's "stoy being done,/She gave me [Othello] for my pains a world of kisses." He is saying that he didn't force her into anything, but she wanted it and that when she talks after him, she will say the same thing. In the first line after, the Duke tells Othello "I think this tale would win my daughter, too" (Line 170, page 1930). This means that Othello has won favor of the Duke and has his backing which will help in the decision.

D.J. Garry
Dr. Hobbs
English 225
29 October 2008
2. How does Brabantio assume the Moor won his daughter (Act I, Scene 1, lines 167-172)?
Brabantio assumes that the Moor won his daughter through a trick or spell. He thinks that the Moor knows some form of witchcraft that enchanted her. This is evident in the following quote, “By what you see them act. Is there not charms/ By which the property of youth and maidhood/ May be abused?” (LAwall lines 170-173 p. 2923). When he says “charms”, he is referring to the spell or trick that the Moor would have used to enchant his daughter.

How do we know Othello’s second speech of justification (Act I, Scene 3, lines 127 – 169) was effective?

We can tell that Othello's second speech is effective because of the response he receives. His woman tells him how she feels bad for him and how she will shower him with love and kisses. This effectiveness is also shown in the statement that the Duke makes right after. He says to Othello that even his daughter would accept the same response. This shows that Othello is a great story teller and that people truly believe what Othello is telling them.

Kamille G
3. What do we learn about Iago's methods of operation from what he tells Othello (still not named) in Act I, Scene 2, lines 1-10? Who is the "him" of line 5? Be sure to compare what Iago says here with what we saw happen (and heard him say) in 1.1.
From what Iago tells Othello in Act I, Scene 2, lines 1-10 it can be deduced that Iago’s method’s of operation are very covert. Iago is able to brainwash and influence people to do certain things in order for him to succeed in whatever plans that he has formulated. He makes the person that he is using to accomplish something believe that they will benefit from his plans, while all along Iago is only playing a game with his ally and in the end he makes them look like the bad guy. For instance, Iago convinces Roderigo to wake up and tell Brabanzio about Othello’s relationship with Desdemona. Iago makes it appear to Roderigo that he, Iago, is trying to help break up this relationship since Roderigo lusts for Desdemona. But, the true intent behind Iago’s plan is to get back at Othello for promoting Cassio above him. Later on, Iago secretly lies to Othello telling him that he heard Roderigo telling Brabanzio about Othello’s relationship “Nay, but he prated, And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms against your honour” (lines 7-9, page 2923). Thus, Iago gets back at Othello but he makes Roderigo look like the bad guy, but not himself. Therefore, the “him” which Iago refers to in line 5 is Roderigo, because Iago is trying to make Roderigo look like the one responsible for revealing the secret of the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. But, from 1.1 we know that it was Iago’s plan all along to reveal the secret to Brabanzio, “Call up her father, Rouse him, poison his delight, …Plague him with flies” (lines 68-71, page 2920), but he was only using Roderigo as his medium.

Kamille G
English 225 Sec. 1
28/10/08

Eng225 MWF 12:30-1:20
28th October 2008
Dr. Hobbs

7. Why is Desdemona’s response to her father’s question at Act I, Scene 3, lines 176 – 178 especially effective?

Desdemona's response to her father was especially effective because she traced it back to her own mother before her, who had to switch her role from her father to husband. She also let her father know that she can divide her duties respectfully between her husband and her father and that she is intelligent and knows what she is doing, and that she was in fact married to Othello by her own freewill.

1. What is Iago's immediate plan (Act I, Scene 1, lines 66-72)? How well does he carry it out? Whose father is Brabantio? What is Roderigo's previous relationship to Brabantio and his daughter (1.1.94-100)?

Iago immediate plan is to go to Barbantio Window and tell him about Othello's affair with his daughter Desdemona. Roderigo's previous relationship with Desdemona is that they dated and he was in love with her. Roderigo carries out the plan good but it still does not work.

Myron Kirchner
ENG-225
Group question #2

How does Brabantio assume the Moor won his daughter?

Brabantio was convinced that Othello used some sort of magic (charm) to bewitch his daughter.

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
29 October

5. What is effective in Othello’s first speech of justification (Act I, Scene 3, lines 76 – 94)?

She fell in love because of his stories. Othello is saying he didn’t rick her or use witchcraft to make her fall in love with him. His argument isn’t that he steal Brabantio’s daughter at all and it was free choice of the daughter to fall in love. The all around gist of the speech is that they fell in love.

Anna R
Engl 225. 01
Dr. Hobbs
Oct 28th, 2008

1. What is Iago's immediate plan (Act I, Scene 1, lines 66-72)? How well does he carry it out? Whose father is Brabantio? What is Roderigo's previous relationship to Brabantio and his daughter (1.1.94-100)?

The plan was to get immediate revenge and kill Othello. He carries it out perfectly because he acts as if nothing is wrong and as if he is Othello’s friend. Brabanzio is Desdemona’s father who tells Roderigo that his daughter is not for him. Roderigo has an obsession for Desdemona, which he does not really try to hide and will do anything in order to be with her.

3. What do we learn about Iago's methods of operation from what he tells Othello (still not named) in Act I, Scene 2, lines 1-10? Who is the "him" of line 5? Be sure to compare what Iago says here with what we saw happen (and heard him say) in 1.1.
We learn that Iago is a vengeful character, who will get his revenge before his target knows that Iago is after them. Cassio is Iago’s current target when talking with Othello. He is crafting deceit among the people who he thinks are after his wife, and the person who was promoted before him and his promoter.

Jonathan Till
Dr. Hobbs
10-28-08
Eng 225

English Blog 10-28

8.) Describe and explain Iago’s “parable of the garden”

What Iago’s “parable of the garden” is his metaphor for life in that we are responsible for our destiny, and we reap what we have sown. We are gardeners and life is our garden. There is some irony in this statement because Iago has spent his time sowing the seeds of discord throughout Venice.

Myles Godet
Dr. Lee Hobbs
October 29, 2008
English 225
12:30

7. Why is Desdemona’s response to her father’s question at Act I, Scene 3, lines 176 – 178 especially effective?

Desdemona’s response is especially effective due because she does not want to be rude to her father or make if seem as though she hates him and she thanks him for life and providing her with an education. Another reason why what she says to her father is so affective is as a result of the way in which she highlights that in the same way in which her mother chose to be with him she is doing the same in choosing to be with Othello.

strahil s

Dr. Hibbs

ENG-225

October 29, 2008

4. Explain what happens between Iago and Cassio in the short time Othello is off stage in the Sagittary (Act I, Scene 2, lines 47 – 52)

Iago reveals to Cassio that Othello is married. We can see Iago and his intention to plant seeds of discontent and mistrust as Cassion comes second in command and learns about something important not from his leader, but from someone who stands on a lower hierarchy step.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

9. In lines 12-29, What is Iago trying to get Cassio to do? Why?
Iago is trying to get Cassio drunk. It is very clear that Cassio rather not drink tonight and find some other form of entertainment instead. Iago want Cassio to get drunk so that he will do something stupid and get in a fight with Montano. This fight will lead Cassio to have a bad reputation and lead Othello to be mad at him. After all this Iago will than tell Cassio the way to get his respect back, but telling him to confess to his wife Desdemona. This is a trap because Iago is planning to set Cassio up by making it seem like he is having an affair with Desdemona.

2.Othello, Act II, Scene 1
What do the Cypriots (those from Cypress) think of Othello? Do their words (in Scene 1) make him seem to us a lesser man or a larger one?

The Cypriots Governor is Montano and he thinks highly of Othello. At the beginning of the act on page 2937 when Othello is still out at sea, Montano says "Pray heavens he be/For I have served him, and the man commands/Like a full soldier" (Lines 35-37). He is saying that he hopes Othello makes it in unharmed because Montano used to be his soldier and remembers Othello being a great leader. Montano goes on to complement Othello and ask to make sure that his ship is strong and his crew is strong to withstand the storm. Then he starts asking about his wife and when she shows up, he "make[s] curtsy" in her honor (page 2937).

Anna R.
Engl 225. 01
Oct 30th, 2008
Dr. Hobbs

1. Othello, Act II, Scene 1
Describe how Cassio acts when he lands at Cyprus, especially when Desdemona comes ashore. (lines 42-97)

"The riches of the ship is come ashore" (line 84) is what Cassio says when he Sees Desdemona coming his way. He even tells the other men to bow down in front of her in order to welcome her. he is very nice and respectful without even knowing what cruel plan Iago figures out in his mind in order to detroy him and Othello, who he hates.

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
30 October 2008

Class Discussion Group on Othello, Act II, Scene 1

1. Describe how Cassio acts when he lands at Cyprus, especially when Desdemona comes ashore. (lines 42-97)

The quote Cassio states about Desdemona is “The riches of the ship are come ashore” (line 84). He is very nice to Desdemona and tells the other men on the ship they should bow down and worship her presence. For the most part he is overly friendly and puts her status on a petal stool.

Eng 225 MWF 12:30-1:20
October 30th 2008
Dr. Hobbs

11. Othello, Act II, Scene 3
For what major events does the merrymaking (proclaimed in Scene 2) give opportunity?

The Merrymaking in Act II, Scene 3 gives opportunity for Iago to create an argument between Cassio and Montano so that Othello will relieve Cassio of his lieutenant duties without anyone knowing that Iago is the cause. Iago used the victory as a way to get Cassio drunk which gave way for the fight to be possible. Iago's plan worked and Othello fell into his trap and took away Cassio's duty of being lieutenant.

Alex Slavin

October 30-08

English 225

Dr. Hobbs

English-Blog

7. In Act I, Scene 3 we heard how Othello’s life story helped win the love of Desdemona. In Act II, Scene 1, lines 220-225 we learn Iago’s reaction to the same story. What is it?

- Iago is livid with the fact that Desdemona is in love with Othello. It burns him inside to know how Othello won Desdemona’s heart. Iago feels he has a duty to destroy this bond Desdemona and Othello have. Iago says, “When the blood is made dull with the act of sport, there should be again to inflame it” (line 220, p. 2940). Iago does not want Desdemona to be in love with Othello no more. He wants to convince Desdemona of a horrible lie about Othello only to make it seem like the truth.

Kamille G

7. Othello, Act II, Scene 1
In Act I, Scene 3 we heard how Othello's life story helped win the love of Desdemona. In Act II, Scene 1, lines 220-225 we learn Iago's reaction to the same story. What is it?

Iago believes that Othello’s life stories alone would not be able to keep the relationship between Othello and Desdemona alive. Iago believes that eventually Desdemona will no longer like Othello for his stories and she would get tired of Othello’s ugly face, “Her eye must be fed, and what delight shall she have to look on that devil?” (pg. 2940, lines 219-220), and she will yearn to have someone handsome as her mate when she begins to get bored of him,” When the blood is made dull…, there should be again to inflame it” (pg. 2940, lines 220-221). Iago also believes that eventually Desdemona will realize that Othello is aging and is not like her, and then she will become unattracted to him and go in search for someone who is young and handsome, qualities which Othello lack “and to give saiety a fresh appetite, … sympathy in years, manners, and beauties, all which the Moor is defective in.” (pg. 2940, lines 221-222).

Kamille G
English 225 Sec. 1
30/10/08

Paola Silvestri
10/29/08
ENG 225
Question 1- What is Iago’s immediate plan (Act 1, Scene 1, Lines 66-27)? How well does he carry it out? Whose father is Brabantio? What is Roderigo’s previous relationship to Brabantio and his daughter?
A// Iago’s immediate plan is to go to Brabantio’s window and tell him that his daughter, Desdemona, and Othello are having intimate relations. The plan was carried out as he intended. Brabantio is Desdemona’s father. Roderigo’s previous relationship with Desdemona is that he has been in love with her before.
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Question 10
In Act II, scene 3, line 221, Othello speaks of Iago’s “honesty and love.” How do you account for Othello’s being so totally deceived?
A// Othello speaks of Iago's honesty and love because he believes Iago is defending Montavo after the fight. Therefore, Othello sees in Iago an honest companion for Montavo; but Othello doesn't know that the fight was instigated by Iago. He is being deceived because Iago is trying to break off his marriage with Desdemona because he thinks Othello slept with his wife. Throughout the story it is evident that Iago is deceitful and conniving.

8. At the end of Act II Scene 1, Iago gives a second reason for hating Othello. What is this reason?

The other reason that Iago gives for hating Othello is that he too loves Desdamona. He says that he knows that Othello would make a good husband and that makes him mad. He also adds that this is what drives his revenge towards Othello.

Myron Kirchner
ENG 225
M-W-F
How does Iago convince Roderigo that Cassio is in love with Desdemona?

Iago tells Roderigo to keep an eye one how Cassio is flirting with Desdemona, and Desdemona is trying to help his case with Othello. So even though Cassio is just trying to get back on good terms with Othello by consulting Desdemona, in the eyes of Roderigo he is actually flirting with her.

In lines 12 -29, what is Iago trying to get Cassio to do? Why?

In this scene Iago is trying to get Cassio to drink while Othello has taken the night off to be with Desdemona. Cassio is suppose to be in charge for the night and watch over everybody. But in the end Iago gets him to get drunk and act foolish.

3. Othello, Act III, Scene 1
Why does Iago verbally attack his wife (Emilia) at lines 99-110? What cruelty does Iago display toward her? How well founded is his distrust of his wife’s fidelity?

Cassio kisses Emilia in welcome, and Iago begins to ridicule her for talking too much (or unpleasantly). Emilia says in her defense (line 112) that he has “little cause to say so.” Essentially Iago has already been harboring ill will against his wife and the mere sight of her has started an argument.

Shayne Tavares
Eng 225 12:30-1:20

4. According to Iago what is all that most accomplished woman in the world is good for? (Lines 146-158)

Answer: According to Iago, what he feels the most accomplished woman in the world is good for is nothing more than taking them to bed and not much more. He feels as if women do not have any real important role than to satisfy their companions and not much more.

strahil s

Dr. Hobbs

ENG-225

Oct. 31, 2008

11. Othello, Act II, Scene 3
For what major events does the merrymaking (proclaimed in Scene 2) give opportunity?

Essentially the merrymaking is a prelude to Cassio's discredit as a lieutenant. Iago's plan to get Cassio drunk and have Roderigo challenge his temper seemed to work exactly as planned.

6. Othello, Act II, Scene 1
How does Iago convince Roderigo that Cassio is in love with Desdemona? (Lines 215-245)
Iago convinces Roderigo by telling him that her blood will need to inflamed once more with sport. Stating that he is handsome and does not have a wife, and the only reason he would not have a wife is because he is looking at someone else’s wife, in this case Desdimona.

Jonathan Till
10-30-08
Eng 225

3.) Why does Iago verbally attack his wife at lines 99-110? What cruelty does Iago display towards her? How well founded is his distrust of his wife’s fidelity?
Iago is suspicious of his wife and is under the assumption that Emilia is sleeping around and having an affair. There is little reason for Iago to be suspicious of his wife, but that has never stopped Iago.

Myles Godet
Dr. Lee Hobbs
October 31, 2008
English 225

2. Othello, Act II, Scene 1
What do the Cypriots (those from Cypress) think of Othello? Do their words (in Scene 1) make him seem to us a lesser man or a larger one?

They hold him in high regards and this is clear due to the fact that it states that they courtsey to his wife Desdamona and come bringing gifts.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

Paola Silvestri
ENG 225
11/2/08
Question 7. Act III, Scene 3, after Desdemona leaves, how does Iago begin anew to raise Othello’s suspicions about Cassio?
A// Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is having an intimate affair with Cassio. In this passage Iago confesses the affair to Othello, “Look to your wife. Observe her well with Cassio. Wear your eyes thus: not jealous, nor secure”. Othello is incredibly jealous, “O, beware, my lord, of jealousy. It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on,” said Iago to Othello. It is evident that Iago is an instigator and also very deceitful.

Alex Slavin

November 2-08

English 225

Dr. Hobbs

Quiz

2. Who is Emilia? In scene 1 of Act III, what arrangements does she make for Cassio?

- Emilia is Iago’s wife. She also tends to Desdemona. Emilia tells Cassio that Othello and Desdemona have been talking about how to take care of the situation of when Cassio was relieved as lieutenant. Desdemona begs Othello to make Cassio lieutenant again. Emilia sets it up so that Cassio is given the chance to talk to Desdemona himself. Emilia tells Cassio, “He might not but refuse you, but he protests he loves you, and needs no other suitor but his liking” (line 44, p. 2951). She is telling Cassio that there is still hope and to just give it time. Now that Cassio was given the chance to talk to Desdemona because of Emilia, Cassio tells Desdemona, “Whatever shall become of Michael Cassio, he’s never anything but your true servant” (line 8, p. 2952). Desdemona’s response is, “I know’t. I thank you. You do love my lord, you have known him long, and be you well assured” (line 10, p. 2952) She even wants Cassio back as lieutenant, she is going to do everything in her power to try and convince Othello to take him back.

13. What attitude does Othello take upon returning to Iago (after he already left him once before in the scene)?

It was very clear that Iago upset Othello by making up a scenario that was untrue about Othello’s wife and Cassio have a secret relationship. This really upset Othello and put him in a jealous state that makes him keep playing it over and over in his head. Othello arrives back very angry and almost inflicts harm on Iago. Othello take Iago by the neck said “Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore” (line 363-364, page 2960). He was running around screaming and yelling at the top of his lungs mad about the thought of his wife and another man. Othello states “Make me to see’t, or at least so prove it” (line 370, page 2960). Othello is the angriest at this point because he had time to think about the situation and it is killing him inside.

Kamille G
17. In Act III, Scene 4, Why does Othello insist that Desdemona present the handkerchief?
Othello insists that Desdemona present the handkerchief, because Iago told him that Desdemona gave it to Cassio, and he saw “Cassio wipe his beard with it” (pg.2962, line 444). Othello believes that if Desdemona did give Cassio the handkerchief then this would serve as evidence that Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio. Thus, Othello believes that if he can get Desdemona to give him the handkerchief then Cassio does not have it, and this will disprove the evidence that Iago presented to Othello of Desdemona’s cheating. Othello’s request for the handkerchief is a test for Desdemona to see if the evidence that Cassio has presented him with is true. But if Desdemona does not have it, and Cassio does, then “It speaks against her with the other proofs” (pg.2962, line 446).
Kamille Garness
English 225 Sec.1
2/11/08

Myles Godet
Dr. Lee Hobbs
November 2, 2008
English 225

5. How does Iago begin planting the first seeds of jealousy in Othello?

Iago begins to plant the first seeds of jealousy in Othello when he tries to make it seem as though Casio and Desdamona are together by trying to make the way in which Cassio kisses her on the hand seem more of a romantic gesture than a friendly kiss on the hand that was common in those times. He does this by trying to make it seem as though he kiss her and tries to leave as soon as he enters. The second way that he tries to plant seeds of jealousy in Othello is by pointing out that he saw Casio in possession of the handkerchief that he gave to Desdamona. This was significant because it was the first gift that Othello gave to Desdamona, and when he asked her to show it to him she couldn’t find it.

19. What is Emilia’s view of men (see lines 98-102 of Act III, Scene 4)? How justified are her beliefs?

Emilia's view of men is a very negative one. She says that men are stomachs and women are food which men eat and belch. This mean that Emilia feels that women are used by men. Men have the women and used them up as long they want, then when they feel that they are done with them they toss them aside.

D.J. Garry
Dr. Hobbs
English 225
2 November 2008

18. What are two examples of “dramatic irony” (we have discussed this concept in our earlier class lectures—look it up if you still don’t understand it) in Desdemona and Emilia’s conversation in Act III, Scene 4.

The first example of dramatic irony in the conversation is the fact that the audience knows that Emilia knew what happened to the handkerchief but is hiding the information from Desdemona. This is shown in this following quote, “I am glad I have found this napkin” (line 294 p. 2959). The second piece of irony is the fact that the audience knows that Iago was plotting against Cassio with the napkin, but none of the characters know it. This next piece of irony is shown in the following quote, “I will in Cassio’s lodging lose this napkin, and let him find it” (lines 325-326 p. 2959).

Brandon Mckoy
October 3rd 2008
Eng 225

4. In Act III, Scene 3, what does Desdemona promise Cassio?
In Act III, scene 3 Desdemona promises Cassio that she will talk to Othello in his favor and persuade him to reinstate Cassio’s position as his lieutenant. The scene starts off with the conversation between Desdemona and Cassio. In the firs line we see Desdemona telling Cassio “Be thou assured, good Cassio, I will do all my abilities in thy behalf” meaning she will do whatever is in her power to get back Cassio’s lieutenant position. In line 17-18 Cassio expresses his concern that his absence and from Othello and his position being filled by Iago will cause Othello to forget his love and his service to him. In line 23 Desdemona reassures Cassio that she will talk Othello out of patience so that he will waist no time in reinstating his position.

20. In Act III, what important information is revealed in Cassio and Bianca’s conversation that ends Scene 4?
In Cassio and Bianca’s conversation near the end Cassio gives Bianca Desdemona’s scarf which was given to her by Othello and now that a she cannot find it when Othello asks for it he will start to believe the lies that Iago are telling him about his wife and his best friend.

Quinten Jones
ENG 225 CA01
November 3, 2008

In Act III, Scene 3, what does Emilia do after Othello and Desdemona depart? What does her brief soliloquy reveal about Iago?
In this scene, Othello suggests that Desdemona is cheating on him, although he doesn’t really tell her that; he more implies it to the audience. Othello says that he is having a headache which, back in this time period, implied that he was being cheated on. Desdemona tries to give him her handkerchief to bind is forehead to relieve the pressure of the headache, but Othello replies “Your napkin is too little” and knocks it out of her hand (Line 291B, page 2959). Once the two leave the room, Emilia picks it up off the floor. She then starts talking about how her “husband hath a hundred times/Wooed me to steal it” which reveals that Iago has been after it for a long time (Line 296-297, page 2959). This scene makes Iago look a lot creepier than he already is for two reasons, first because he’s setting up a ridiculous plot that involves several different unaware people to do his bidding, and second because he just started on this scheme a few days previous and already he’s asked his wife to steal a handkerchief a hundred times…it must be that he was trying to get the handkerchief before he started to seek for revenge so he is probably in love with Desdemona a little bit.

1. In scene 1 of Act III, why does Cassio bring musicians? What is Othello’s response to them?

Cassio brings musicians in line 1 to bid the general good day and play him a brief song, but the Clown enters with money from Othello to make them stop playing (ln 11).

8. When Iago raises the issue of jealousy in Act III, Scene 3, what does Othello say? How does Iago then respond?
Act III, Scene 3, Lines 169-196 address this question. “Away at once with love or jealousy” (line 196). Telling Iago to go find proof, and if he can not Othello can go back to loving Desdemona. For which Iago is pleased that he has planted the seeds of jealousy and untrust within Othello, now all he will need to do is finish the job.

Anna R
Engl 225. 01
Dr. Hobbs
Nov 3rd, 2008

16. Act III, what does Othello command Iago to do at the end of Scene 3?

Iago plots against Othello and tells him that he suspects Desdemona sleeping with Cassio. This accusation torments Othello to the point where he wants full proof and commands Iago to bring him visual proof of his wife cheating on him. However, Iago tells him that there can’t be any visual proof, though he will tell him anything he knows about Desdemona and Cassio and what he has seen and encountered. “If more thou dost perceive, let me know more. / Set on thy wife to observe.” (pg 2957, line 244)

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
CA01
3 November 2008
Take Home quiz Othello

Q. In Act III, Scene 3, how does Othello threaten Iago? How does Iago respond?

Othello threatens to kill Iago if he doesn’t speak the truth about his wife. Othello says don’t make me jealous and not be saying the full truth that his wife is a whore. Iago responds by planting seeds in Othello’s head about potential cheating by his wife and a secret affair between her and Cassio, but never says it’s true or fully knows it. This drives Othello crazy as he says he would prefer she flat out cheated on him rather than her be a suspect with no evidence. Othello states while threatening Iago for the truth “To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company,/ Is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well./Where virtue is, these are more virtuous,/Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw./ The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt,/ For she had eyes and chose me. No, Iago,/ I’ll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove;/ And on the proof, there is no more but this:/ Away at once with love or jealousy ( lines 188-196, Act 3, Scene 3).

ACT III, Scene 3, what does Othello agree to do for Desdemona?

Desdemona begs Othello to reinstate Cassio to lieutenant after the incident. Even though it is some what obvious that Othello will in time reinstate Cassio, Othello makes him sweat it out."Not now (sweet Desdemon) some other time.../
The sooner (Sweet) for you.(3.2.58-60)

Myron Kirchner
ENG-225
Question # 15

In Act III, Scene 3, what are two specific pieces of evidence that Iago cites to cast suspicion on Cassio?

The two pieces of evidence that Iago has are the Othello’s handkerchief and the dream Cassio had, in which Iago claims that Cassio was making love with Desdemona.

Strahil S

Dr. Hobbs

ENG 225

11/03/2008

10. In Act III, Scene 3, after Iago finally departs, what does Othello’s soliloquy show about his suspicions? In other words, once Iago leaves, what do Othello’s next remarks reveal about his thoughts?

This is essentially the turning point for Othello. Up until then, Iago made a few remarks that everything he does is merely out of love to Othello. Now Iago no longer needs to prove his honesty to his commander. Instead, Othello now reasons over what appears to be the truth to him. In the course of doing this he ruminates about the causes which may have led to him being “abused”. Going through racism and age he finally arrives at the course he will take from this moment towards Desdemona – “I am abused, and my relief
Must be to loathe her (297)”.

Jonathan Till
11-2-08
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs

9.) In Act III Scene 3, why does Iago say, “I see this hath a little dashed your spirits,” and then twice, “I (do) see you are moved”?

Iago is talking to Othello in this scene and he has just planted the seeds of deception about a supposed affair between Desdemona and Cassio. Othello has just ranted about how he has not known until now. Just the very mention of an affair is enough to devastate Othello.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

~Dr. Hobbs

Anna R
Engl 225. 01
Dr. Hobbs
11-3-08

10. In Act IV, how does Othello react to Iago’s image of infidelity?

Iago tells Othello that he thinks nothing of two people laying in bed together naked. Nothing is proven yet as to Desdemona’s infidelity and Othello is going crazy at the fact that he doesn’t know the full truth yet. Iago’s image of real cheating is the actual sexual intercourse as opposed to just laying in bed next to each other. “Or to be naked with her friend in bed / An hour or more, not meaning any harm?” (pg 2968 line 3). He also says that since Othello gives the handkerchief to Desdemona as a gift, it is hers not and she can do whatever she wants with it. Othello on the other hand is completely against what Iago says and gets so mad and upset that he, in essence, passes out again due to his epilepsy. This is another one of Iago’s great plans since he protects Desdemona and Cassio in front of Othello so that Othello himself would never suspect Iago of this terrible plot.

2. Why is the character Lodovico introduced into the action? What purpose does this character serve in the plot development?

The main reason why Lodovico was introduced in into the action was because he came from Venice to tell Othello that they command him home. Lodovico states “For, as I think, they do command him home, Deputing Cassio in his government” (line 220-221, page 2972). This makes Othello very angry to hear of the news that he must leave Cassio as his replacement. This makes him very upset and he strikes Desdemona in the process. The whole purpose of this character being introduced was to upset Othello even more and show his true colors. It was very clear that Lodovico knew a different Othello than the one that was before him. Lodovico states “ What, strike his wife!” (Line 263, page 2974). This quotation explains actually how upset he was with Othello and the actions he took upon his wife. He wonders if Othello is mad. The whole introduction of Lodovico to Cyprus only enrages Othello more than he already is with the issue of Cassio and his wife. The idea of Cassio ruling in his spot only makes him more upset.

Quinten Jones

ENG 225 CA01

November 5, 2008

15. In Act IV, why is Emilia’s belief about what is causing Othello’s behavior ironic?

Emilia’s belief is ironic because it is her husband who is causing Othello’s behavior. Emilia says:

I will be hanged if some eternal villain,

Some busy and insinuating rogue,

Some cogging, cozening slave, to get some office,

Have not devised this slander, I will be hanged else. Lines 134-137, Page 2978

She is perfectly describing the instigator of the situation, although she doesn’t realize that it is her husband who she is describing. To top it off, she is saying it right in front of him.

Shayne T.
Eng 225 12:30-1:20
11/03/08

5. Now that you have read Act IV, explain the overall significance of the Handkerchief in this play. We already know why the handkerchief is important to Othello. The question now is: why is it so important to how the play works? What does it represent? What suggestions or hints does it contain? Use specific examples and quotations.

Answer:
The role of the handkerchief within the play is a weapon or tool to frame both Cassio and Desdemona for acts of adultery against Othello. The key piece of evidence to prove Desdemona’s wrong doings against Othello would be the same handkerchief he presented to Desdemona as a gift which happened to be passed down to him on his mothers death bed. Iago uses the priced gift of given to Desdemona by Othello as a weapon to destroy the relationship between the two of them. Iago also plays with Othello’s emotion of jealousy to his advantage ensuring the success of the plan. In lines 35-40, Othello feels the handkerchief is a confession of Desdemona’s acts of adultery and with Iago further plaguing his mind with suspicion slowly pushes Othello to the edge which leads to Tragedy.

Paola S
ENG 225
11/4/08
Question 8. In Act IV, Scene 3, what does the conversation between Emilia and Desdemona tell us about the nature of each?
A// In this scene Desdemona is singing a song called "Willow" which she learned from her mother's maid, Barbary. Barbary died singing the song, afther her lover deserted her. In a way Desdemona's future was foreshadowed as she sang this song. The song reminds Desdemona of adultery and she asks Emilia if she would ever cheat on her husband, "Wouldst thou do such deed for all the world"?(Pg.2982; Line 67). Emilia says that she wouldn't cheat on her husband, but that the prize if she did (the whole world) would make it seem as a lesser offense, "The world's a huge thing. It is a great price for a small vice" (Pg.2982; Line 67. Emilia expresses her opinion that women, just like men, have sexual apettite. Throughout the conversation it is evident that Emilia thinks that if a man cheats on his wife, his wife should cheat on him. On the other hand, Desdemona believes that bad deeds should be answered with good deeds; "God me such uses send not to pick bad from bad, but by bad mend"(Pg.2983;Lines 100-101).

14. Explain the difference in the relationship between Desdemona and Othello in Act IV compared to when they first arrived in Cyprus in Act II.
When Desdemona and Othello first arrive in Cyprus in Act II, they are completely in love with one another, and they could not accept the fact that they had to be separated during the trip to Cyprus. Desdemona’s deep love for Othello makes her worry that he is dead “O, but I fear-how lost you company?” (line 92, pg.2937). Their love is so strong that they have an inseparable relationship with one another. But, in Act IV, this inseparable relationship is damaged, as their strong connection with one another no longer exists. Othello no longer wants Desdemona in his sight, and he begins to treat her badly abusing her both verbally calling her “Devil” (line 227, pg.2973) and “whore” (line 88, pg.2977), and physically “He strikes her” (line 227, pg.2973). This is the complete opposite of the caring relationship that they had in Act II where he refers to Desdemona as his sweetheart “All’s well my sweeting” (line 234, pg.2947). In Act IV Desdemona no longer looks up to Othello and she tells Emilia “Who is thy Lord?... I ha’ none.” (line 103-105, pg. 2977). Othello also is ashamed of Desdemona and no longer has a high regard for her as was in Act II.

Kamille G
English 225 Sec.1
03/10/08

Alex Slavin

November 4, 2008

English 225

Dr. Hobbs

Quiz

16. Act IV, what clue does Emilia offer about Iago’s own Jealousy?

- Othello has been treating Desdemona horribly and wants to find out why and believes Iago knows the answer. Emilia talks to Iago and believes that Othello has been deceived by someone. Iago says, “Fie, there is no such man. It is impossible” (line 138, p. 2978). It is almost as if Iago has become confused because he believes that Emilia is sleeping with Othello. Iago does not want anyone to hear the conversation between him and Emilia. Emila says to Iago, “And made you to suspect me with the Moor” (line 151, p. 2978). He tries to hide his jealousy by telling Emilia to leave so that he can help Desdemona with her problems of winning back the love of Othello.

D.J. Garry
Dr. Hobbs
English 225
4 November 2008
Othello Scene IV
11. In Act IV, why does Iago speak to Cassio about Bianca?
Iago speaks with Cassio about Bianca in an attempt to trick Othello. He sends Othello to the side to snoop on his conversation with Cassio. He wants Othello to think that they are conversing about Desdamona, when in reality they are talking about Bianca. This is proven when Iago says, “As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad” (Line 97 p.2970). Iago gets Cassio to start speaking of Bianca when he says, “Ply Desdemona well and you sure on’t. Now, if this suit lay in Bianca’s power, How quickly should you speed!” (Lines 103-105 p. 29271).

Brandon Mckoy
November 5th 2008
ENG225 MWF 12:30-1:20

6. In Act IV, scene 2, lines 33-92, what prevents Othello from being moved by Desdemona’s appeal?
Desdemona appeals to Othello in this scene that she is not unfaithful to him. She is completely oblivious to what Othello is accusing her of as she seems lost when Othello tells her that she is false as hell in line 41 and she replies in line 42 “ To whom my lord? With whom? How am I false?” However, the thing that prevents Othello from believing Desdemona’s appeal is all the “evidence” that Iago has provided to him. Othello believes Iago and refuses to believe Desdemona because Iago presented everything to make it seem so real and clearly if Desdemona was truly unfaithful it is not expected that she would admit it so Othello was probably expecting that reaction from her.

Myron Kirchner
ENG-225
Question # 12

Explain how the handkerchief has increased in significance in Act IV than it has from the previous Acts.

Because Othello got so see with his own eyes that Cassio, whom Desdemona had given the handkerchief to, has given the handkerchief to his whore. This plays perfectly in Iago hands as he can drive the point across that Desdemona and Cassio are dishonest, and are having an affair. Iago knows Othello can’t get the image of Cassio and Desdemona out of his head, and so he has Othello exactly where he wants him.” This can be seen in the play when Othello says”—Handkerchief—confessions—handkerchief!—To confess, and be hanged for his labor;—first, to be hanged, and then to confess.—I tremble at it”.

20. According to Othello, what’s the worst part of being a cuckold as revealed in Act IV?

According to Othello the worst part of being cuckold is that his wife is doing it in a very sneaky way. It’s like she is the nicest person in everybody’s sight and she is the unfaithful when no one is looking. Like a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde act and that’s the most upsetting part to him. “She is so delicate with her needle, admirable musician. O, she will sing the savageness out of a bear”! (Pg. 2972 Line 175-185)

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
CA01
5 November 2008

Othello English Blog

Q: #18. In Act IV, scene 1, who is the first person in the play to figure Iago’s duplicity? How is Iago able to manipulate this person, even after the truth is know?

A: The first person to figure Iago’s duplicity is Cassio. Iago is able to manipulate Cassio by getting Cassio to joke about Bianca and how much she wants him, while Othello is thinking that Cassio is joking about his wife Desdemona. Iago hides Othello in the room to listen to conversation and Iago talks to Cassio joking about how much Bianca wants him, but it comes off as Desdemona, which drives Othello crazy. Some of statements Cassio says while laughing about Bianca is “Alas, poor caitiff” (Act IV, line 106), “Alas, poor rogue! I think i’faith she loves me” (Act IV, line 109), and “I marry! What, a customer? Prithee, bear some charity to my wit- do not think it so unwholesome. Ha, ha, ha!” (Act IV, line 116-117). Cassio realized Iago was a fraud after the fight that made Cassio lose his lieutenant position.

9.In Act IV, which scenes (or speeches) contain memorable examples of dramatic irony?

There are many ironic moments contained in the story of Othello. One of the biggest examples I feel comes from the surroundings of Iago. Iago is the main reason for all the turmoil between most of the major characters. It can be seen when Iago tells Othello to “[l]ook to [his] wife. Observe her well. . . .” (III.iii.201) The dramatic irony of it all is that Iago is the reason Othello believes it is happening. The whole time Iago is the reason.

17. In Act IV, why is Roderigo annoyed at Iago?
“I do not find that thou deal’st justly with me” (Line 178). Roderigo seems annoyed with Iago because Iago has been has been leading Roderigo around without giving him what he has been looking for.

Jonathan Till
11-5-08
Eng 225

7.) When Roderigo grows impatient with Iago, in Act IV, Scene 2, lines 182-202, how does Iago make use of his fellow plotter's discontent?

Roderigo is angry with Iago for the fact that Roderigo gave Iago some jewels to give to Desdemona, but Iago instead kept them for himself. Iago says "now I see there is mettle in thee" (Othello: 205). Iago uses this to persuade Roderigo to kill Cassio to prove himself.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

~Dr. Hobbs

Alex Slavin

November 5-08

English 225

Dr. Hobbs

Quiz

17. In Act V, how, when, and why does Othello use the second sword he finds in the room? Explain.
- Emilia tells Othello that Cassio has killed Roderigo. What he really wants to know is if Cassio has been killed also, but he remains alive. Othello’s plans are going terribly wrong and he must take action. Othello kills Desdemona because he believes Iago helped him see who she really is and what a trader she is. Iago is able to stab his own wife and take off and that is when Othello picks up the sword. When Othello meets with Iago again he is able to stab him, but just wounding him. Othello realizes that he has been defeated. Lodovico tells Othello that he is no longer in command and he will be stripped of his powers. Lodovico tells Othello, “Your power and your command is taken off, and Cassio rules in Cyprus” (line 340, p. 2995). Othello refuses to be taken away before he gets the last word. He then pulls the sword that was hidden in his clothes and stabs himself. Othello’s last words were to Desdemona and they were, “I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way but this: killing myself, to die upon a kiss” (line 368, p. 2995). Othello dies on the bed with the wife of his body. Is it thought that Iaga created this disaster between everyone so he will be put to death.

Paola S
ENG 225
14. In Act V, does Othello eventually show a change of heart towards Desdemona? If so, when and at what point? Explain.
A// Othello shows a change of heart towards Desdemona when Iago’s lies start to unravel. As Othello weeps beside Desdemona’s dead body he still clings to his belief in Iago’s truth about the handkerchief. When Othello mentions the handkerchief, Emilia says “ O thou dull Moor, that handkerchief thou spek’st of/ I found by fortune and did give my husband/ For often, with a solemn earnestness/ More than indeed belonged to such a trifle/ He begged me to steal’t” (Pg. 2992; Lines 233-237). After finding out that it was Iago who gave the handkerchief to Cassio, Othello regrets the death of his wife and expresses his uncontrollable grief, “Now, how dost thou look now? O ill-starr'd wench!/ Pale as thy smock! when we shall meet at count,/ This look of thine will hurl my soul from heaven,/ And fiends will snatch at it. Cold, cold, my girl!/ Even like thy chastity. O cursed slave!/ Whip me, ye devils,/ From the possession of this heavenly sight!/ Blow me about in winds! roast me in sulphur!/ Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!/ O Desdemona! Desdemona! dead!/ Oh! Oh! Oh!” (Pg. 2993; Lines 279-288). In this quote Othello asks to be condemned to hell for killing his beloved wife. It is evident that Othello is disgusted by his acts and asks to be sent to hell to pay for his deeds.

Strahil S

Dr. Hobbs

ENG 225

11/06/2008

Question #1
1. In Act V, how would Iago gain from Roderigo’s death? Cassio’s?

In this scene of Act V Iago puts the rapier in the hands of Roderigo to have him ambush and stab Cassio to death. After Roderigo’s unsuccessful attempt to kill Cassio, Iago did not hesitate to stab Roderigo without further warning. Moreover, the presence of Graziano and Ludovico at the crime scene, seem to have escalated Iago’s extreme act. We should also note the setting of the act. The darkness, or in other words, the absence of light prevents Graziano and Ludovico from seeing and in the same time aids Iago in executing his evil plan by concealing the truth.

Cassio’s death is part of Iago’s commitment to Othello from the previous act. There is no doubt that the news about Cassio’s death will get quickly to Othello. In fact, Othello hears the voice of the wounded Cassio, “I am maim'd for ever. Help, ho! murder! murder!”,
and assumes that the loyal Iago has fulfilled his part of the oral contract. This is a very important moment because it serves as an accelerator for what Othello has to do.

D.J. Garry
Dr. Hobbs
Eng. 225
5 November 2008
Othello Act 5
15. In Act V, why, when, and how does Othello attack Iago? Explain the context.
Othello attacks Iago when it comes to his attention that Iago lied to him about Desdemona. It comes to Othello’s attention in the following quote, “O thou dull Moor, that hankerchief thou speak’st of I found by fortune and did give my husband.” (Lines 233-234 p.2992). Othello then has a failed attempt at attacking Cassio. After the failed attempt he acquires another weapon from Graziano. His attack is explained in the following quote, “If that thou beest a devil I cannot kill thee. [He wounds Iago]” (lines 290-291 p.2994).

16. In Act V, does Othello have a reaction to having his sword taken away? If so, what is it? Explain.
Yes, Othello does have a reaction to having his sword taken away from him. The first time when Montanna takes away the sword from Othello, Othello feels that he has lost the symbol of his strength and manhood since his sword can be taken away by someone as feeble as Montanna “I am not valiant neither, But every puny whipster gets my sword” (lines 250-251, pg.2992). When Othello loses his sword he feels that his personal strength should no longer outlast his honor for such strength, since his reputation has already been destroyed from killing his wife “But why should honor outlive honesty?” (line 252, pg.2992). In the end, Othello believes that it no longer matters whether he has the sword, the symbol of his personal strength, because he has already lost his honor for it and he gives up everything “Let it go all” (line 253, pg.2993).
The second time when another sword, the Spanish sword, is taken from Othello he feels no regret about losing it “I am not sorry, neither” (line 295, pg.2994). He believes that his killing of Desdemona was done with reasoning. Othello says, “An honorable murderer, if you will, For naught I did in hate, but all in honour” (lines 300-301, pg.2994), which shows that he believes that his intentions for killing Desdemona were justifiable because he thought Desdemona had dishonored him. Othello believes that even if his sword is taken away from him it would not matter because his actions were the result of his desire to gain honour and not from being wicked. Othello explains that this is a good enough reason to have his sword taken away from him and so he shows no remorse when he loses it.
Kamille G
English 225, Sec.1
6/11/08

19. In Act V, what function does the presence of the characters Lodovico and Gratiano serve? Who are they and why are they there? What do they learn and what do they reveal?

Lodovico and Gratiano are an evident role in the final Act of Othello. This is seen when Lodovico visit from Venice and sees the transformation that Othello has gone through. When Othello was in Venice, he was honorable and respected. When Othello leaves for Cyprus, he becomes "tainted." This is seen when Lodovico witnesses Othello striking Desdemona.

Gratiano is the uncle of Desdemona and the heir to Othello's belongings when he dies. Othello seems to also feel that if he could get a family member of Desdemona to understand than everything would be alright. This is not evident in Gratiano's response.

"Poor Desdemon! I am glad thy father's dead: / Thy match was mortal to him, and pure grief / Shore [cut] his old thread in twain" (5.2.204-206)

Lodovico is also apart of the final speech in Othello. In the speech, Lodovico pronounces that Gratiano we be heir to Othello's belongings.

18. In Act V, how, when, and why do Roderigo’s “pockets” conveniently help to clarify much of what has happened? Explain the context.

It wasn't until after Roderigo's death that the whole plot was figured out. There were two letters that were found in his pockets. "Here is a letter, found in the pocket of the slain Roderigo, and here is another. The one of them imports the death of Cassio, to be undertook by Roderigo." (315) In these letters, the true plot was revealed and people finally saw Iago for the worm that he really was.

Quinten Jones
ENG 225 CA01
November 7, 2008

4. In Act V, how, when, and why does Othello come to think that Iago has kept his vow?
In the beginning of the Act, Othello finds that Cassio has been wounded. Cassio was stabbed by Iago during Cassio’s brawl with Roderigo. As Cassio calls out for help, Othello enters; hearing Cassio, Othello says “Iago keeps his word” (Line 28, page 2983). This is where Othello thinks that Iago kept his vow that he spoke earlier in the play, saying that he would see to the death of Cassio.

10. In Act V, is Desdemona faithful to Othello to the end? If so, how?

Yes Desdemona is faithful to Othello to the end. At the end of the story Cassio survives trying to be killed by Iago and Roderigo and he tells Othello the plan that Iago had came up with. (pg 2994 Lines 310-320)

Brandon Mckoy
November 7th 2008
Eng225 MWF 12:30-1:20

7. In Act V, what justification does Othello try to give the murder of Desdemona in Scene 2?
On Desdemona’s last breath she tells Emilia that she was not killed by Othello but killed herself (line 132), trying to cover up for Othello and showing her true love for her husband even though he had just strangled her. However, Othello admits to Emilia that he killed Desdemona and explains that she has been unfaithful to him (line 138). Othello was definitely not trying to cover up what he did as he felt that he gave her the right justification because of what he thought she had done. Sadly, when the truth is revealed by Emilia Othello realizes he made a very big mistake and in turn kills himself.

Anna R
Engl 225.01
Dr. Hobbs
11-06-08

2. In Act V, what happens when Roderigo attacks Cassio? Who actually wounds Cassio: also answer when and why?

In Iago’s initial plan. Roderigo was supposed to kill Cassio. While Cassio is to visit Bianca in the brother, Iago and Roderigo wait outside. Iago tells Cassio to wait for him with the rapier while he himself will go around the corner. “Here, stand behind this bulk. Straight will he come. / Wear thy good rapier bare, and put it home” (line1, pg2983). However, he cannot follow through with this and only wounds him. When Cassio turns around and takes the rapier, he stabs Roderigo. At this time, Iago comes and stabs Cassio in the leg. Therefore, nothing happens as Iago planned.

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
7 November 2008

Othello Act V

3. In Act V, why, when, and how does Iago stab Roderigo? What is the outcome?

Iago stabs Roderigo outside the brothel after Roderigo failed to kill Cassio. Roderigo was intentionally supposed to kill Cassio, but failed in piercing Cassio’s armor. As there is this huge commotion Iago runs in then stabs Cassio in the leg. Roderigo is too wounded by Cassio, but Iago instantly kills Roderigo afterwards. As he is killing Roderigo, Iago says “O murderous slave! O villains” ( line 63, Act V) and “Kill me I’th’ dark? Where be these bloody thieves? How silent is this town! Ho, murder, murder! (Line 65-66, Act V). Roderigo calls Iago a dog and a fraud as he is being stabbed down and betrayed by Iago.

12. In Act V, what is Emilia’s reaction when Othello tells her that Iago has revealed Desdemona's affair with Cassio to him? Explain.
She is astonished that her husband is such a devil, and claims he is lying through his teeth. For she knows Desdemona has been nothing but faithful to Othello. Also that the only reason Cassio was around her was to try and patch the rift between Cassio and Othello.

Myron Kirchner
ENG 225
Question 13
In Act V, what is Othello finally beginning to realize in Scene 2? What has happened to Desdemona’s father? Explain.
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He’s finally realized that he doesn’t love her anymore because of the horrible crime she has committed, and he decides to kill her without shedding any blood in order to not ruin her beauty.Desdemona’s father died after Desdemona left for Cyprus.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

~Dr. Hobbs

Neal Carter II
Dr. Hobbs
ENG-225
7 November 2008

In Act V, what justification does Othello try to give the murder of Desdemona in Scene 2?

In Act V, Scene II of Othello, Othello murders Desdemona by smothering her. When he first appears in her bedchamber, he convinces himself to kill her over her supposed betrayal of him saying with Cassio “It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul, Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars!” ( Lines 1-2, page 2987). He kills her because he is distressed and overcome with jealousy and his honor has been wounded, though he continues saying that if he doesn’t end her life she will continue to deceive others, “Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men” (Line 6, page 2988). After Desdemona awakes, she tries to plead for her life but Othello has already made justifications to himself on why she should be killed. He tells her, “That handkerchief which I so loved and gave thee .Thou gavest to Cassio.” (Line 48-49, page 2988)

Maynard, Mack and Lawall, Sarah. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice. Volume C. New York. W.W. Norton and Company. Inc. 2002. 2997-2988.

3. In Act Four, Scene Three, Desdemona and Emilia have a conversation about men and women, marriage, and fidelity. Find the page and line number of these events for your answer. What does this scene indicate about the character of Desdemona? How can you relate this scene to central issues in the play?

Desdemona displays her character several times in this conversation, seeming ignorant of the idea that a woman could be unfaithful (ln. 59-60,74,75,79). This is not to suggest she has never heard this idea, but that she has blocked it from her consciousness and doesn't easily accept it. This conversation ties into the rest of the plays main themes: "Can a couple so different really remain true, can a woman so beautiful be satisfied with what others may see as less valued?" Emilia comments on these ideas suggesting that the reasons we normally think cause infidelity, lust and retribution, are probably true (ln. 93-98).

Paola Silvestri
ENG 225
Question 14. Whom besides Othello does Iago deceive? What is Desdemona’s opinion of him? Emilia’s? Cassio’s (before Iago is found out)? To what do you attribute Iago’s success as a deceiver?
A// Iago deceives Cassio, Desdemona, Roderigo and Emilia.
Desdemona believes Iago is a faithful server of Othello and a loyal friend; as indicated in this passage “Good Friend, go to him; for by this light of heaven, I know not how I cost him” (Pg. 2978; Lines 152-153). It is evident that Desdemona also sees Iago as her friend and asks him to talk to Othello for her.
Emilia loved Iago and always followed him around trying to capture his attention. After Emilia finds out about Iago’s deceitful plans, her loves turns into hatred as expressed in this passage, “If she say so, may his pernicious sould/ Rot half a grain a day” (Pg. 2990; Lines 162-163).
Cassio thought Iago was a loyal friend and an honest companion. It is evident in several passages that Cassio saw Iago as a close friend, “You advise me well”(Pg.2990; Line 296); “Good night, honest Iago”(Pg.2949;Line 302); “Dost thou hear, my honest friend?” (Pg. 2951; Line 19).
Iago’s success as a deceiver can be attributed to his great role as a manipulator.

4. Various critics have noticed that Desdemona apparently lies more than once in the play: e.g., when Othello asks her about the handkerchief, or when she briefly comes to life at the end to absolve Othello of her murder. Find the page and line number of these events for your answer. Do you consider these moments to be lies, and if so, how do you understand them?

Desdemona knew that she had lost the handkerchief that Othello gave to her and she knew that this present was very dear to his heart. I feel that Desdemona did lie about this because she did not want to hurt her husband feelings. Desdemona stated “I have it not about me” (line 48, Page 2964). I believe that she knew that she did not have it at the moment and that instead of getting him upset that she was careless and lost it she made a case to say that she just did not have it with her at the moment. I would not see this as a bad lie because she honestly did not know where the handkerchief was and probably wanted to g back and make sure that she had it before she told her husband it was lost forever. Desdemona did not know that Cassio was going to use it against her. Also, she explains that she could go fetch it but she really couldn’t because she would of went back to her room and went and looked for it every where and it wouldn’t ever be there. However, Othello wanted to see it there and than.

Desdemona also lied at the end of the play when Othello was about to put her death. It was clear that early Desdemona said that she did never lose the handkerchief and that she knew where it was the whole time. However, before she was to be put to death Othello says that Cassio had that same handkerchief and Desdemona says “He found it then. I never gave it to him. Send for him hither. Let him confess the truth” (line 72-73, Page 2988). This line explains that she lies again because earlier she told Othello that she never lost the present her gave to her and now she is saying that she must have lost it because he found it. At this point Othello probably thinks that she is just lying and can’t make sense of anything. I think at this point Desdemona was lying but not in a bad way that she was only trying to defend herself. She did not want to die over a silly lie about the handkerchief. 4.

11. Iago’s famous lines “I am not what I am” (Act I, Scene 1) force an examination of identity and duplicity in this play. Find the page and line number of these events for your answer.Is Iago the only character who could make this statement? If not, who else? Explain.
Iago’s famous lines “I am not what I am” (line 65, pg.2920), refers to the fact that Iago was a two-faced character. In the presence of the Moor and the other Venetians and Cyprians Iago took on a demeanor that made him seem loyal and honest to Othello “Iago is the most honest” (line 7, pg.2942), while in reality Iago was only pretending to be so in order for him to gain vengeance from the Moor. Iago was only using this tactic of appearing as honest and obedient to Othello only for his gain, to get back at Othello for promoting Cassio above him, and not because he was truthfully so “In following him I follow but myself” (line 58, pg.2920). Iago knew that his inward and outward self would contradict each other if he was to show them both “For when my outward action doth demonstrate/ The native act and figure of my heart/ In complement extern, ‘tis not after.” (line 61-63, pg. 2920). Iago knew that he was a deceitful and heartless person, who only appeared honest and loyal to Othello “But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve/ For daws to peck at” (line 64-65, pg.2920). No, Iago is not the only character who can say this. Another character who can also quote these lines is Othello. This is because Othello viewed himself as someone who was strong and courageous, but after Montano took away the sword from him he realized that he was not as powerful as he thought he was if someone as feeble as Montano could do this “I am not valiant neither/ But every puny whipster gets my sword” (line 250-251, pg. 2992).

Kamille G
Eng.225 Sec.1
10/10/08

20. Does the downfall of Othello proceed from any flaw in his nature, or is his downfall entirely the work of Iago?

I feel that Iago and Othello himself are both involved in the downfall of Othello. Iago is able to capitalize off Othello's uneasiness, his passion of being the hero, and his jealousy. Iago's identification of Othello's uneasiness can be seen in Othello's epileptic fit. Iago describes it as "[a] passion most unsuiting such a man: (iv.i.75). Othello also has this passion to cling to his formal identity and glorify himself in the public's memory. Even though Iago is a driver to Othello's downfall, Othello's flaws did not suit him well.

11. In Act V, what happens when Iago tells his wife not to speak and to go home, orders which good Renaissance wives should follow without question? Is she compliant? Why or why not?

When Iago tell his wife not to speak she does not listen to her husband and still speaks. She is trying to tell Othello that Iago was the one that gave Cassio the handkerchief. Iago told Emilia to not speak another word and she spoke anyways. Iago spoke “Swounds, hold your peace” (line 224, page 2992) He also than tells her to go home and Emilia speaks out by saying “I will not” (line 230, page 2992). This was not what a typical Renaissance woman would have done. She would of obeyed her husband and went home, instead Emilia knew that Iago did wrong and caused the death of her fair lady, Desdemona.

15. How essential to the play is the fact that Othello is a black man, a Moor, and not a native of Venice?

When the play is looked at as a whole, it is not very important that Othello is a black man. However, when you look at the first act, it is clear that there were people who did not like the idea of an outsider. Othello was given respect by everyone, including Brabanzio, however when Brabanzio found out that Othello was dating his daughter his mood changed. He felt that for his daughter to like a black man then he must have tricked her into liking him. He said "She is abused, stol'n from me, and corrupted by spells and medicines bought of mountebanks. For nature so preposterously to err, being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense, sans witchcraft could not." (pg. 2927 line 61) Brabanzio clearly cannot figure out why his daughter would love a black man.

Brandon Mckoy
November 9th 2008
Eng 225 MWF 12:30-1:20

7. The Duke of Venice tells Brabantio, “Your son in law is far more fair than black” (Act 1, Scene 3). Find the page and line number of these events. How does this further one’s understanding of Venetian society’s ambivalent attitude toward Othello?

In line 285 the Duke of Venice tells Brabantio “your son in law is far more fair than black”. This seems to have a double meaning with the irony of Othello being black himself. Venetian society’s ambivalent attitude towards Othello show’s to be two-sided. “Fair” by no means is related to skin color because we know that Othello is a black man. Therefore we are left with the other meaning of fair which is ‘just’. By ‘black’, the Duke is not referring to Othello’s skin color here either, but black is used to describe his personality, persona and character.
The Duke is referring to Othello’s character and behavior as more of a white person than a black. In this view it would seem that being black is a bad thing.

Quinten Jones
ENG 225 CA01
November 10, 2008
17. Consider any passage of the play in which there is a shift from verse to prose, or from prose to verse. What is the effect of this shift?
On pages 2938 through 2939 lines 135-175, the play shifts from verse to prose, back to verse. It starts off with Iago and Desdemona, joking about Emilia and about women in general. Desdemona asks Iago what he thinks of her and he tells her in a playful manner. At the end he does an aside towards the audience about how he will use Desdemona to get Cassio out of his job as lieutenant. The effect of this shift is to show Iago’s darker side, as well as his desire to get Cassio’s job.

Neal Carter II
Dr. Hobbs
ENG-225
5 November 2008

13. What motivates Iago to carry out his schemes? Do you find him a devil incarnate, a madman, or a rational human being?

He is motivated by his extreme desire for power. Iago knows that through killing of Othello and Cassio, he would gain great power. He tells Roderigo of Cassio’s success, “but he, sir, had th’ election,” (Line 26, page 2919). He is both evil and decisive with his actions. He plans out exactly how he wants things to happen and who exactly he wants to be dealt with. The plan almost works in its entirety until the very end until his wife unfolds the plot. His wife says of actions which thus showcase his personality, “My wayward husband hath an hundred times Wooed me to steal it, (Line 296-297, page 2959) What he’ll do with it, Heaven knows, not I, I nothing know,” (Lines 301-303, page 2959). In scene five, he replies to Othello, in fact, “Demand me nothing. What you know, you know.” (Line 309, page 2994).

Maynard, Mack and Lawall, Sarah. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice. Volume C. New York. W.W. Norton and Company. Inc. 2002. 2919-2959.

Indicate a passage that you consider memorable for its poetry. Does the passage seem introduced for its own sake? Does it in any way advance the action of the play, express theme, or demonstrate character?
No my heart is turned to stone; I strike it, and it hurts my hand. The passage is introduced for its own sake and it demonstrates character in Othello and it also shows the way he is feeling. (pg. 2972 lines 169-172).

D.J. Garry
Dr. Hobbs
English 225
10 November 2008
Othello and Roderigo
16. In the introduction to his edition of the play in The Complete Signet Classic Shakespeare, Alan Kernan remarks: “Othello is probably the most neatly, the most formally constructed of Shakespeare’s plays. Every character is, for example, balanced by another similar or contrasting character. Desdemona is balanced by her opposite, Iago; love and concern for others at one end of the scale, hatred and concern for self at the other.” Besides Desdemona and Iago, what other pairs of characters strike balances?
Many of the characters in the play have other characters that are polar opposites of themselves. The first pair that came to my mind was Othello and Roderigo. Othello is bold and powerful, while Roderigo is portrayed as being weak and feeble. Roderigo is not his own man as Othello is. The following quote shows how highly Othello is regarded by others, “It is Othello’s pleasure-our noble and valiant general” (p. 2942 line 1). Roderigo is not anything like this. He is portrayed as being cowardice. Another characteristic that they are opposites of is the fact that Roderigo wants to be the object of Desdemona’s love, and Othello is who she actually loves. This is actually shown in a quote from Desdemona’s father, he says, “The worser welcome. I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors. In honest plainness thou hast heard me say My daughter is not for thee” (p. 2921 lines 96-98).

Anna R
Engl 225. 01
Dr. Hobbs
11-10-08

2. Why does Othello believe Iago? There are many doorways into this question; Find the page and line number of these events for your answer. One of them is at the end, when Iago says, "I told him what I thought, and told no more / Than what he found himself was apt and true" (5.2.183).

When Iago first tells Othello about Cassio and Desdemona, he just suspects them and doesn’t really go off about them telling Othello that they are definitely sleeping together (pg 2955, line 150). When Othello gets mad about Desdemona cheating, Iago kind of protects her and tells Othello that just laying in bed naked isn’t really cheating. He also says that the handkerchief is hers and she can do with it whatever she wants (pg 2968, line 4). Also, when Iago tells Othello to go outside to listen to Cassio and him talking, Cassio explains everything. To Othello it semmed as if they were talking about Desdemona when in reality they were talking about Bianca, the prostitute. Furthermore, when Iago first tells this to Othello, he tells him that he is not sure and that Othello should keep an eye on Desdemona and Cassio. In reality, he tells Desdemona to hang out with Cassio to make him feel better. This looks very suspicious to Othello since all he sees is Desdemona and Cassio spending a lot of time together (pg 2934, line 371). This all proves to Othello that Iago’s suspicions are true.

10. In Othello, Venice is often seen as established home of order and stability, while Cyprus can represent the chaos and inversion of a place outside of a “system.” What role then, according to this understanding, does Cyprus play in furthering the action of the play? In other words, if we accept this symbolism, how does it affect the plot?
In Venice Cassio is promoted, Othello trust him and himself, also Othello is yet untouched by Iago’s taint. However, in Cyprus chaos breaks loose, seeding doubts and jealousies wherever Iago could reach.

Walter Perkins
Eng 225
Dr. Hobbs
CA01
10 November 2008

Othello Blog

12. Helpful or hurtful? Go back and review the language used. Does the play Othello reinforce or challenge racial stereotypes? Does this play reinforce or challenge sexist stereotypes?

The play is helpful as it gives a viewpoint on sexism and racism in this time. This play displays sexism in a way such as when a man cheats its ok, but when a woman cheats she is a whore. Even without any proof, Desdemona is called a whore and degraded by Othello because of word of mouth. There is also sexism when with Bianca is demeaned or talked about by Iago and Cassio. Iago blamed Bianca’s whorish acts for what happened to Roderigo and Cassio. Those events with Cassio being stabbed were “fruits to her whoreness” according to Iago. Women had no rights and had to obey their men or husbands. Desdemona went to bed when Othello told her to go to bed. There wasn’t as many racial stereotypes compared to sexism, but there were still events of racial stereotypes. One racial stereotype is Othello as the big, strong, powerful black guy, but is too dumb or hardheaded to realize that he was being schemed by his own white lieutenant. One of the main racial events is when Desdemona’s father, Brabanzio, says that Othello didn’t earn Desdemona. He claims that Othello stole her and tricked her by using his witchcraft to trick her into loving him. Othello had to defend himself by saying that she fell in love because of his stories and not witchcraft, but because Othello is a more the father doesn’t believe him. The quote “a black ram is tupping your ewe” is said to the father about his daughter. This quote was saying that a black man is sleeping with his white daughter, which is somewhat racial because these types of acts were forbidden during these times.

Myron Kirchner
ENG-225
Question #9
Brabantio’s comments to Othello regarding Desdemona in Act 1, Scene 3 are a cautionary warning that she may betray her husband, having already betrayed her father. Find the page and line number of these events for your answer. (A.) What does this reveal about Venetian society’s attitude toward women and (B.) how does it connect to the tragedy at the end of the play?

The Venetian society sees women as scheming and false. Brabantio’s warns Othello that she is capable of betrayal because she has already betrayed him by marrying Othello. As soon as accusations begin to flood in about Desdemona being unfaithful, Othello starts to think that Brabantio was right. Much like Brabantio, Othello would not be swayed to think otherwise.

Alex Slavin

November 10-08

English 225

Dr. hobbs

Quiz

20. Does the downfall of Othello proceed from any flaw in his nature, or is his downfall entirely the work of Iago?
- Othello’s downfall is entirely for the work of Iago. It all started when Othello passed him promoted Cassio to lieutenant instead of Iago. He wants to get back at Othello and accuses him of sleeping with Iago’s wife, Emilia. Iago begins to drive Othello crazy and it works. Othello does not know who to trust anymore or how to fix a plan he has become apart of. Iago tells Othello, “Demand me nothing. What you know, you know. From this time forth I never will speak word” (line 309, p. 2994). Iago knows when to stop and realizes he has caused a sufficient amount of damage and his plan will continue without him doing another thing. Othello finally realizes that Iago is a piece of crap, he says “O villain” ( line 320, p. 2994). Othello realizes that the damage Iago created is so great that Othello can do nothing to stop it and nothing to make anyone believe what is the truth.

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*NOTE* The deadline for this particular assignment has now passed. Any comments listed below are *ONLY* for the reposting of comments that I specifically asked to be revised or are ones from non-student posters. Any 'student' posts below that missed the assignment deadline will not get credit for the assignment.

~Dr. Hobbs

Anna R
Engl 225.01
11-24-08

2. Othello:
Explain in a paragraph some of the events which led Othello to believe that Desdemona cheats on him. Who was she supposedly cheating with?

2. Othello- It is thought that Othello won Desdemona’s love with witchcraft. When he is given a chance to defend himself, what is Othello’s explanation for the love she has for him?

Is jealousy portrayed throughout Othello? If so what characters are involved in the jealousy? Was any other characters effected in this?

Considering how Othello allowed his jealousy to consume him, if he did not let Iago persuade his thinking is it possible the impending tragedy could have been avoided or was Othello suspicious of Desdemona already but with Iago’s help it was brought to light?

In Othello, cite examples of how racism is portrayed in the story. How does Shakespeare use racism to intrigue and influence his audience?

Othello
What is the significance of the handkerchief that Othello chastises Desdemona for? What does Othello think what happen to the handkerchief?

1) Explain how the handkerchief that Othelllo gave Desdemona serves as a symbol in the story?

Myron Kirchner
ENG-225
Extra credit exam questions

Othello
How does Iago use distrustfulness of women and weak personalities to his advantage in deceiving Othello and Rodrigo? Is there any other mention of unfaithfulness in the story?

What is the significance of the handkerchief, in Othello?

2. Othello - In the story of Othello explain how Iago gave or showed Othello physical evidents that Desdemona was being unfaithful.

In Othello, the Moor of Venice, give evidence to show how he is a tragic hero. Using Act 5 Scene 2, when he is about to kill Desdemona in her bedchamber, Othello says "It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul." He rationalizes her murder to himself showing that he does have a moment of insight yet he is still truly a tragic hero. Using the quotation and the entire scene show what is he speaking about and how does he rationalize Desdemona's murder.

Othello:

1.) What are the primary motivations of Iago? Othello? Desdemonda?

Strahil S

Engl 225.01

12-01-08

2. Discuss the theme of jelaousy in Othello as a main theme. How is it expressed in the play?
What kind of jelaousy do you think is most destructive according to the play. Give examples.